1, Jefferson fracture: refers to a type of fracture caused by acute vertical compression injury of the cervical spine. The injury pressure is transmitted from the occipital condyle to the superior articular surfaces of the blocks on both sides of the atlantoaxial spine, causing anterior and posterior arch fractures on both sides of the atlantoaxial spine, with the lateral blocks moving posteriorly and tearing of the transverse ligaments of the circumferential spine.
2, Brust fracture: refers to the splitting fracture of the vertebral body, which occurs due to the vertical splitting fracture of the vertebral body caused by the nucleus pulposus protruding into the vertebral body due to the impact force, but the intervertebral joint mostly remains intact.
3, Chance fracture: that is, the vertebral body horizontal fracture, the fracture line anterior to the vertebral body, the posterior extension to the spinous process, the vertebral body may occur at the same time a slight compression, but not related to the intersegmental subluxation.
4, Hangmans fracture: often occurs in car accidents, due to hyperextension caused by both sides of the cardinal vertebral arch fracture, may have displacement. Although unstable, there is less nerve damage due to the large anterior and posterior diameter of the spinal canal.
5.Hahn-steinthal fracture: Total humeral tuberosity fracture is a rare intra-articular fracture, mostly seen in adults. The fracture is often caused by hyperextension of the hand during a fall or the impact of the radial tuberosity on the humeral tuberosity during elbow flexion and the presence of valgus forces, and may be accompanied by a slip fracture and tear of the medial collateral ligament.
6.Essex-Lepest fracture: It is a rare fracture, which is a combination of radial head fracture and lower ulnar joint dislocation. The radial head fracture is often a comminuted fracture, often combined with fracture end clear that insertion, lower ulnar radial joint separation, radial upward displacement. x-ray plain film can clearly show.
7, Monteggia fracture: refers to the ulnar 1/3 fracture combined with radial head dislocation, first reported by Monteggia in 1814. In addition, the fracture occurs in the radial stem and produces dislocation of the humeral ulnar joint, also called Monteggia fracture.
8, Galerzzi fracture: refers to the lower 1/3 of the radius fracture or radius and ulna double bone with lower ulnar radial joint dislocation are classified in this category.
9.Colles fracture: It refers to an extension fracture of the distal radius within 2.5 cm from the articular surface and forms an angle to the palmar side. It is also known as an extension fracture of the distal radius.
10.Smith fracture: A flexion fracture of the distal radius with the opposite mechanism of Colles fracture.
11.Barton fracture: a fracture through part of the distal radius articular surface, and the wrist joint is dislocated to the palmar side with the distal bone fragment to varying degrees.
12.Chauffeur fracture: an ulnar longitudinal fracture of the distal articular surface of the radius with separation of the ulnar subradial joint.
13.Bennett’s fracture: it is an unstable fracture of the base of the first metacarpal combined with dislocation of the carpometacarpal joint.
14.Dupuytren’s fracture: It refers to the fracture of the inner ankle with tibiofibular ligament rupture and fracture of the lower 1/3 of the fibula, which is often caused by severe violence to make the ankle joint exostosis, and is mostly unstable.
15.Pott fracture: It refers to the fracture of the internal ankle, the injury of the triangular ligament of the internal ankle combined with the fracture of the inferior 1/3 of the fibula, which is an unstable type of fracture.
16.Maisonneuve fracture: Most of the ankle injuries are caused by external rotation violence, and the fracture of the upper 1/3 of the fibula is accompanied by the rupture of the inferior tibiofibular ligament and triangular ligament.
17.Cotton fracture: refers to the fracture of the inner, outer and posterior ankle at the same time, also known as triple ankle fracture.
18.Shepherd fracture: refers to the fracture of the posterior talus. It is often an avulsion fracture, but is not displaced much.
19.Robert-Jones fracture: refers to a fracture at the base of the fifth metatarsal, which is a common injury.
20.Lisfranc fracture: refers to the injury of metatarsal attachment, commonly fractured at the base of the first and second metatarsal bones and with joint dislocation.