In today’s society, ecological changes and environmental pollution are particularly serious, and the incidence of tumor is increasing year by year. 70-80 new cases of urological tumor in our urology department every month are enough to illustrate the seriousness of tumor. Many people who have the symptom called “painless hematuria” often neglect to seek medical consultation in time, but in fact, it may be the early manifestation of urological tumor! Because “painless hematuria” is often an early symptom of renal pelvis cancer, ureteral cancer and bladder cancer. Bladder cancer is relatively easy to diagnose, as long as ultrasound, CT and cystoscopy are performed, most of them can clearly detect the occupancy of the bladder, and then biopsy can make a clear diagnosis at the pathological level. However, the diagnosis of “painless hematuria” is more difficult if it is caused by renal pelvis cancer or ureteral cancer. This is because when ureteral or pelvic cancer bleeds, the tumor is often small and cannot be seen by ultrasound, CT or cystoscopy because the ureter is only 4-7 mm wide. In this case, a biopsy must be performed using ureteroscopy or ureteral flexible microscopy to make the diagnosis. Sometimes, treatment is tricky when the bleeding from the ureteral opening is very obvious or when the patient has ureteral stenosis that cannot be biopsied by ureteroscopy or ureteral flexible microscopy. Because the scope of surgery for renal pelvis cancer and ureteral cancer must include the whole kidney, ureter and part of the bladder (sleeve resection), which is very wide and has certain risks. If there is no clear pathological diagnosis of biopsy before surgery, once the surgical resection specimen is not a malignant tumor, it will lead to the loss of a kidney and cause serious harm to the patient. At this point, it is important to fully communicate with the patient, explain the various risk possibilities, and decide the surgical plan together with the patient. “Painless hematuria” may be an early manifestation of urological tumors and must be taken seriously. Although it is usually difficult to diagnose upper urinary tract tumors such as renal pelvis cancer and ureteral cancer, as long as the patient can seek medical treatment in time, the doctor will definitely have a way to deal with the tumor correctly to prevent further development and reduce unnecessary pain to the patient. We have accumulated a lot of experience in the diagnosis of early pelvic and ureteral cancers caused by “painless hematuria”, therefore, we are comfortable in the treatment of pelvic and ureteral cancers, and make this traditionally traumatic and dangerous surgery easy through minimally invasive technology, and make the patients recover quickly, with less pain and beautiful skin after surgery. This has won the recognition of patients!