At present, China, especially Shanghai, is entering an aging society, and the elderly are often prone to osteoporosis, and a minor fall can easily cause vertebral compression fractures, resulting in back pain and inability to walk, which seriously affects the quality of life. The traditional treatment for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures in the elderly includes bed rest, medication, etc. The disadvantages of conservative treatment methods include long bed rest and complications such as pneumonia, urinary tract infection and bed sores. In addition to this, 40% of patients are unable to walk due to pain relief after conservative treatment. Currently, a minimally invasive treatment method, percutaneous vertebroplasty, is used for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures in the elderly. This technology is cutting-edge technology at home and abroad, and the Department of Orthopedics of Xinhua Hospital has successfully carried out more than 300 cases of various difficult vertebroplasty procedures without any serious complications, and has accumulated rich experience in vertebroplasty. Vertebroplasty is a precise and minimally invasive surgical operation. Under the guidance of X-ray fluoroscopy, a puncture needle is inserted into the vertebral body of the compression fracture, a special balloon or vertebral expander is used to restore the height of the compressed and deformed vertebral body, and then bone cement is injected to strengthen the compressed vertebral body, which has the effect of rapidly relieving pain and rebuilding bone strength. The procedure is performed under local anesthesia and takes about 30 minutes to treat a segment, even in elderly patients with multiple combined medical conditions. After treatment, pain relief and functional recovery rates reach 95%, and the safety of the procedure is good. Vertebroplasty offers significant pain relief and vertebral strengthening, and its efficacy is unmatched by traditional treatment methods. Therefore, vertebroplasty is suitable for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures in the elderly, especially for elderly patients with many medical complications, those who should not be bedridden for a long time, those who have severe pain and cannot tolerate it, and those who have poor results after repeated conservative treatment.