Cystic lesions of the pancreas, including benign and malignant ones. Most patients with benign pancreatic pseudocysts have an obvious history of pancreatitis, and depending on the size of the lesion and the patient’s symptoms, treatment may include follow-up observation and endoscopic drainage of the cyst. There are also some cystic pancreatic lesions that are malignant or have the potential to develop into malignancy. Especially for early cystic pancreatic lesions with potential malignancy, it is important to seek specialist advice: either follow-up, EUS-FNA, endoscopic treatment, or surgery. Whichever management option is chosen, an adequate evaluation should be performed. If the lesion has a low probability of malignancy but surgical treatment is chosen, it will obviously have an impact on the patient’s quality of life and psychology; on the contrary, if the possibility of malignancy is high but conservative observation and follow-up is chosen, the patient will probably lose the chance of a radical cure.