There are various causes including neuromodulation, abnormal hormone secretion and organic cardiac pathology.
Hypertensive heart disease leads to hypertrophy of the heart muscle in the early stages and heart failure in the later stages.
Coronary heart disease leads to myocardial ischaemia due to narrowing of the coronary arteries.
Viral myocarditis results in myocardial cell necrosis due to viral infection and the direct toxic effect of the virus on the myocardial cells.