Preface: Up to now, the Department of Urology of our hospital, based on the support of traditional open surgical lithotripsy, has been equipped with a set of new technologies for the comprehensive treatment of stones, such as extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URL) and percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PCNL), which is about to create a new era of “minimally invasive treatment” in the Department of Urology of our hospital. Urological stone of the new era. First, extracorporeal shock wave (shock wave) lithotripsy (ESWL) ESWL technology appeared in 1983 has fundamentally changed the traditional open surgical treatment of urological stones, is a revolution in the treatment of urological stones, is recognized as the “preferred” method. The extracorporeal shock wave lithotriptic machine purchased by our hospital is electromagnetic wave source type, and its lithotripsy process is more simple, stable, painless and efficient. Indications: 1, upper urinary tract stones, except the stone distal to the organic obstruction, can be used ESWL. ① X-ray impermeable kidney stones, the length of the diameter of 2, 5cm or less, any part of the body can be; ② X-ray impermeable ureteral stones, the length of the diameter of 2, 0cm or less; ③ open surgery or percutaneous nephrolithotomy lithotripsy (PCNL) of the residual stone. 2, larger stones: preoperative placement of internal stents (double J tube), safety, prevention of stone street formation, dilation of the ureter to facilitate stone discharge. However, there are opponents who believe that it will affect the discharge of stones. 3, translucent stones: to ultrasound localization and contrast control, follow-up is difficult. Contraindications: 1, absolute contraindications: (1) systemic bleeding disorder, uncorrected; (2) pregnant women. 2, relative contraindications: (1) stone distal obstruction (calyceal diverticulum, funnel stenosis, UPJ stenosis, ureteral stenosis); (2) severe renal insufficiency, the following conditions should be considered open surgery: (1) bilateral upper urinary tract stones with severe uremia; (2) renal or ureteral stone obstruction for a long time, the kidney is no longer functional. (3) untreated urinary tract infections; (4) active infectious diseases (TB); (5) technical problems: poor results in excessive obesity, and sponge plates are needed to protect the lungs in children under 100cm. Complications: 1, hematuria, perinephric hemorrhage, skin ecchymosis, etc.; 2, renal colic, nausea and vomiting; 3, ureteral “stone street” formation obstruction; 4, obstruction or infection caused by fever; 5, stone fragments remain. Preparation before lithotripsy: 1. The most basic examination should be done, including ultrasound, plain film of abdomen (KUB), coagulation function (PT), urine routine, etc., such as ultrasound examination of hydronephrosis up to moderate to severe, and patients with large stones must do urography (IVU) and other tests. 2.Appointment for lithotripsy will be made at the lithotripsy room of urology department, outpatient clinic or ward by the doctor of any department of the hospital who issued the lithotripsy application form, and the fee will be deducted by the person in the lithotripsy room. 3.Generally can be treated on outpatient basis without hospitalization, but patients with renal colic attack or larger or more complicated and serious stones need to be hospitalized for diagnosis and lithotripsy treatment. The effect of lithotripsy: usually once a week, it needs 1-3 times lithotripsy to cure, if 3 times lithotripsy is ineffective, it needs to be hospitalized to take ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URL) or percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PCNL) or traditional open surgical lithotripsy treatment. Ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URL) is a minimally invasive technique without incision, in which the ureteroscope is accessed through the urethra, bladder, and ureteral channel, and the lithotripsy and stone extraction are carried out with holmium laser or negative pressure ultrasound pneumatic ballistic under direct vision. At present, ureteroscopic lithotripsy will soon be widely practiced with the advancement of technology. The two sets of ureteroscopes purchased by our hospital are WOLF (imported from Germany) and OLYMPUS (imported from Japan) advanced equipments, and are equipped with advanced lithotripsy system – Holmium Laser Lithotripter of the United States, which has the advantages of fine lithotripsy and fewer complications, etc. Recently, a set of the fourth-generation lithotripsy system is equipped with the “Negative Pressure Ultrasound Ballistic” (imported from Switzerland), which has the advantages of fine lithotripsy and fewer complications. “It is imported from Switzerland, which has the advantages of fast lithotripsy and synchronized flushing and suctioning out of stones, etc. 1, Indications: (1) Ureteral stones in the lower part of the lower part of the ureter; (2) Upper ureteral stones after ESWL failure; (3) ESWL after the stone street; (4) Smaller stones can be taken out with a foreign body forceps or a set of stone blue; (5) bladder stone. 2.Influencing factors: stone site, size, and residence time. 3.Success rate: upper section 22%~60%; middle section 36%~83%; lower section 84%~99%. Third, percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) This technology is the most advanced, the most technically difficult, and the fastest growing new technology, which has been widely carried out. Our hospital configuration of nephroscope for the Swiss imported advanced equipment. Basic principle: a small cut (about 0.5cm) is made through the skin, and under the guidance of ultrasound or X-ray, a nephroscope or ureteroscope is inserted into the renal pelvis and calyces after puncture and dilatation, and then holmium laser or negative-pressure ultrasound pneumatic ballistic lithotripsy is carried out to remove the stone under direct vision. Indications: multiple or large kidney stones (single stone larger than 2-3cm), staghorn-shaped stones, patients who are unable to perform ESWL, upper ureteral stones and upper urinary tract fluid. Traditional open surgical lithotripsy, i.e. traditional pelvic, ureteral or cystotomy lithotripsy. At present, this method is gradually decreasing in the nationwide tertiary comprehensive hospitals, and even some hospitals have not adopted this treatment method for several years, but adopt non-invasive or minimally invasive techniques, but the traditional open surgery is the basis of all non-invasive or minimally invasive techniques, which can not be given up. Currently, open surgery is only used as a first-line option in few complicated cases, and more often as a second- or third-line option after other treatments have failed.