Drug therapy Physical therapy: warm therapy, cold therapy, hydrotherapy, phototherapy, etc. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation Interventional therapy: nerve block, minimally invasive therapy including acupuncture, radiofrequency therapy, spinal cord electrical stimulation, epidural lumpectomy, etc. Surgical treatment: nociceptive conduction pathway disruption, stimulation of nociceptive inhibitory system, microvascular decompression, GAMMA knife. Psychological treatment: Chinese herbal medicine and acupuncture therapy.