The causes and factors that influence myopia are multiple, ranging from environmental factors such as acquired vision working conditions to genetic factors. Therefore, the protection of vision and the prevention of myopia should take into account all aspects of the relevant factors and take comprehensive measures. (1) Reasonable arrangement of life system and vigorous physical activity. (2) Pay attention to reading and writing hygiene. (3) Improve the learning environment. The font size of textbooks and other children’s books should be appropriate to the age of children and adolescents. (4) Do eye exercises, etc. (5) Regular vision checkups through regular vision checkups can understand the vision rate of each student. (6) Publicity, education and management should use a variety of forms, do a good job of machine for the protection of scientific popularization and propaganda work, in order to raise the awareness of teachers, students, parents and all aspects of society, to train children and adolescents good group reading and writing habits, so that they consciously pay attention to eye hygiene. In addition, in order to avoid the hereditary role of myopia, we should pay attention to eugenics, both men and women with high myopia should try to avoid marriage.