Prevention of pediatric asthma should be done in the three levels of prevention of asthma: primary prevention: because asthma is a polygenic genetic disease, genetic factors and acquired environmental factors play an important role, of which genetic factors account for 80%, so the following aspects should be started. That is, efforts should be made to remove the risk factors that cause allergy before the disease occurs. In the case of asthma, the focus and goal is to prevent atopy from occurring in infants, so it is important to do a good job of eugenics. (1)
Marriage laws prohibit consanguineous marriages, while it is best for young men and women to marry without both having asthma or other allergic diseases. (2) The season of conception should preferably avoid the severe winter, climate change and seasons prone to respiratory infections. (3)
Pregnant women should avoid contact with carpets, plush products, pet dander, mites, pollen, molds and chemical irritants such as cosmetics, oil stains and formaldehyde, and eat less allergenic foods such as eggs, milk, fish, shellfish, peanuts and nuts, and use less aspirin, β2 receptor blockers and other drugs. (4)
Advocate breastfeeding of infants for at least 6 months. (5)
Actively prevent and thoroughly treat pediatric respiratory tract infections, especially viral and mycoplasma infections, etc., receive various vaccinations on time, and strengthen physical exercise to enhance pediatric physical fitness. Xing Xianghui, Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Secondary prevention: refers to the prevention measures to keep children from developing asthma, especially for allergic children, which is the focus of secondary prevention. Specific measures: (1)
Early prevention for atopic children, especially those with high-risk factors for asthma: for example, for infants with positive family history of allergy and those who have suffered from capillary bronchitis, wheezing bronchitis and recurrent respiratory infections, immunomodulators should be applied in time to improve their immune function; for children with eczema, rhinitis, drug and food allergies or those with elevated serum IgE or elevated peripheral blood eosinophils after birth, early Give anti-allergic medication to improve their allergic constitution, and if necessary, investigate allergens and carry out specific desensitization treatment. (2)
Continue to avoid exposure to air and food allergens (allergen monitoring can be done early to avoid exposure and consumption at an early stage). (3)
Strengthen physical exercise to enhance physical fitness and improve resistance to disease. Strengthen vaccination against measles, chickenpox, mumps, rubella, scarlet fever and other infectious diseases, especially viral infections and mycoplasma. (4)
Pay attention to improving the environment, avoid living in crowded, dark, humid or newly renovated living rooms and environments with pollution sources around, and avoid inhaling coal, oil smoke and cigarette smoke, etc. Tertiary prevention: It is for children with existing asthma to prevent their asthma attacks. It should be done in the following ways: (1)
Find the causes and triggering factors of asthma by all means. Through careful daily observation, food or allergens such as paints and pollen can be found, and if necessary, allergens and immune function and endocrine function should be checked, which can mostly be solved by avoiding, avoiding, replacing, moving and taking off. (2)
Insist on continuing anti-inflammatory treatment during the remission period: such as inhaled hormones, oral cisplatin, etc. Once the relapse should be actively searched for the cause, to relieve the symptoms as soon as possible, and to achieve and maintain the clinical control state of asthma. (3)
Improve allergic constitution: insist on specific desensitization therapy and take antihistamines appropriately, such as oral loratadine, centrum, kestrin, etc. (4) Apply immunomodulators: e.g. thymidine, splenomidine, transfer factor, gammaglobulin, etc. (5)
Application of Chinese medicine: Chinese medicine treatment has better efficacy in both the exacerbation and remission periods of asthma. The use of Chinese medicine in the remission period can improve the physical condition of the child, improve the immune status, enhance the ability to resist disease, and have a good effect of preventing and controlling the recurrence of asthma. (6)
Strengthen self-management and care: such as regular follow-up examinations, active exercise and confidence in overcoming the disease.