Rheumatic diseases are a group of diseases that affect bones, joints and their surrounding soft tissues, such as muscles, tendons, bursae, and nerves. Many rheumatic diseases have pain as the main symptom. In the West, the word “rheuma” first meant the same as catarrhos (catarrhal inflammation), which means pain. As an unpleasant subjective sensory and emotional experience associated with tissue damage or potential damage, pain is also an important cause of functional impairment in many rheumatic diseases. Clinical features of pain in rheumatic diseases: 1. Arthralgia Arthralgia is very common in rheumatic diseases. The differential diagnosis of arthralgia is a problem often faced by rheumatologists. Depending on the disease, the painful site, nature, characteristics and relationship with activities of arthralgia also vary. Common diseases include rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthritis, crystal arthritis and infectious arthritis. 2, skin pain The skin is one of the target organs involved in rheumatic diseases, especially diffuse connective tissue diseases. Common rheumatic diseases include lipofuscinosis, erythema nodosum, systemic lupus erythematosus, vasculitis, etc. 3. Visceral pain caused by rheumatic diseases is less common. It has the characteristics of low sensitivity, diffuse location and unclear localization. It is mostly manifested as discomfort in the area of the innervation domain of the affected organ, and is easily confused with muscle pain originating from the spine and trunk. The occurrence of visceral pain is mainly related to the vascular inflammatory changes in the related organs. Common diseases include systemic lupus erythematosus, leukodystrophy, allergic purpura, polyarteritis nodosa, rheumatoid arthritis, etc. 4.Peripheral neuralgia Peripheral neuralgia caused by rheumatic diseases is mostly related to occlusion of nerve trophoblastic vessels or direct compression of peripheral nerves caused by vasculitis. The common diseases of the former include nodular polyarteritis, rheumatoid arthritis, SLE, etc., while the latter can be seen in carpal tunnel syndrome, lumbar disc herniation, etc. The occurrence of peripheral neuralgia can often be accompanied by sensory abnormalities and motor disorders in the affected innervation area. 5.Central pain The clinical manifestations of central neuropathy caused by rheumatic diseases are various, among which, headache is one of the most common neuropsychiatric manifestations. Its pathological basis changes are mostly related to inflammatory lesions of intracranial blood vessels. The main features of central pain are: (1) recent onset of persistent pain. (2) It can fluctuate with subsequent onset, is not easily self-resolving, and may or may not appear with other local signs of the nervous system. Common rheumatic diseases include leukoarthrosis, polyarteritis nodosa, systemic lupus erythematosus, dry syndrome, etc. 6, muscle pain Muscle pain is one of the common clinical manifestations of rheumatic diseases, especially diffuse connective tissue disease. Common diseases include polymyositis, dermatomyositis, rheumatic polymyalgia, fibromyalgia syndrome, etc. 7, bone pain The incidence of simple bone pain in rheumatic diseases is low, mostly seen in some metabolic bone diseases, osteonecrosis and bone tumors, etc. 8, emotional pain rheumatic diseases are mostly chronic diseases. In the organic lesions, psychosocial factors, drug factors and other factors under the long-term joint action, rheumatic disease patients are often prone to produce psychogenic symptoms. Common diseases include systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and polyarteritis nodosa. In addition to the characteristics of the primary disease, the pain of such patients is also accompanied by manifestations of mental disorders, such as anxiety and depression.