Lower limb arterial diseases are common, frequent and difficult diseases in vascular surgery, with high disability and mortality rates, which bring a heavy economic burden to families and society. With the change of people’s diet and lifestyle and the aging of the society, the incidence of this type of disease has increased sharply and become one of the main diseases threatening the life and health of middle-aged and elderly people in China. According to foreign studies, the prevalence of this type of disease is 2.5% in people aged 40-45, 8.3% in people aged 60-69, and 18.8% in people aged 70-79, but about 50% are asymptomatic; only 49% of doctors know that their patients have peripheral arterial disease, and 83% of patients know that they have the disease, while this proportion is even lower in China. Risk factors for lower extremity arterial disease include two major categories: traditional and non-traditional risk factors. Traditional risk factors include smoking, diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, etc.; non-traditional risk factors include homocysteinemia, lipoprotein X, fibrinogen, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, infection, etc. The above risk factors influence the occurrence and development of lower extremity arterial disease. Active identification and intervention of the above risk factors have a positive effect on the prevention and treatment of lower extremity arterial disease and improve the quality of life of patients. The first is the intervention of upstream risk factors, including smoking cessation, appropriate exercise, weight control, scientific and reasonable diet, and emotional well-being, to prevent the disease before it happens. Second is the intervention of drugs to reduce the incidence of lower extremity artery disease, including lipid intervention drugs, antiplatelet drugs, antihypertensive and hypoglycemic drugs. The third is active intervention for early symptoms of lower extremity arterial disease, such as coldness, numbness, intermittent claudication, and pain in the limbs, to improve claudication distance, relieve ischemic symptoms, promote ulcer healing, and preserve the limbs through Chinese and Western medicine medication, surgery, and/or endovascular treatment, especially minimally invasive endovascular treatment. At present, most medical personnel and patients in China lack knowledge about this type of disease and do not pay attention to intervene in the occurrence and development of this type of disease from the source, resulting in a low level of awareness and comprehensive prevention and treatment of lower extremity arterial disease, so that patients are often in the degree of severe ischemia or gangrene has already occurred in the limbs when they visit the clinic, resulting in high disability and mortality rates, thus affecting the effectiveness of treatment. Therefore, it is of positive significance to pay attention to the identification and intervention of risk factors of lower extremity arterial diseases to improve their comprehensive prevention and treatment.