Causes and types of scars: The formation of scars is actually the product of self-repair after the human skin has been injured, only if the skin is damaged or over-repaired, scars will be formed, just like the knotted scars formed when a tree branch is cut. According to the shape and nature of scars, they can be divided into the following categories: 1. superficial scars: the injury only affects the superficial layer of the epidermis or dermis of the skin, showing mild unevenness, often accompanied by varying degrees of pigmentation, which is still relatively soft and flat, and generally not accompanied by dysfunction, and can be improved by grinding or fractional laser treatment; 2. hyperplastic scars: once the serious injury to the skin involves the deeper layers of the dermis, they may be damaged. Once serious skin damage involves the deep dermis, proliferative scars may be formed. It is a thickened scar tissue protruding from the skin surface, which is red due to congestion in the early stage and often accompanied by pain and itching. Hyperplastic scars in the neck and joints of the limbs often affect the movement of the joints and must be surgically removed. 3. Atrophic scars: often occur after healing of long-term ulcer trauma or in areas with less subcutaneous tissue, such as scalp and shin front injuries. The scars are thin, flat or slightly above the skin surface, closely adherent to deep tissues, light red or white in color, with extremely thin epidermis, easily breaking down repeatedly to form ulcers, or even local cancer. 4. Contracture scars: After the scars grow and harden, contracture occurs, which can lead to inability to fully straighten the joints of the limbs and contracture scars in the neck, leading to inability to lift the head, which must be solved by surgery. 5. Scars: A special type of scars, mostly occurring on the chest, back of the shoulder, and at the earlobe piercings. They often appear as hard scars that protrude from the skin, are painful and itchy, and gradually grow and infiltrate into normal tissue. Scars are difficult to treat and have high recurrence, and must be improved by a combination of treatments. 6. Linear scars: They are the most common scars in clinical practice, mostly caused by scratches, cuts, knives and other wounds, and are manifested as linear scar tissue of different lengths and widths, which can be repaired through plastic surgery with better results. 7, sheet scars: mostly caused by abrasions, burns, skin avulsion wounds, etc., manifested as patches of scar tissue, can be hyperplasia, thickening, can also occur contracture, can be repaired by the method of excision or buried dilator. What are the treatment methods for scars? 1. Drug treatment: including topical drugs and injectable drugs, the former is mainly silicone topical drugs, such as Cianca, Shu scar, etc.; the latter is to inject drugs directly into scar tissue to soften scars, mainly including long-acting hormones and some mild anti-tumor drugs, because it is local injection, the dosage is small and there are almost no side effects. 2. Surgical treatment: It mainly includes direct excision, split excision, grinding, skin graft repair, flap repair and expander repair, etc. Because the unique techniques of plastic surgery are applied in the surgery, the traces after repair can be controlled to the minimum. 3. Radiation therapy: For hyperplastic scars or scars with extremely strong proliferation, treatment is usually combined with surgery at the same time, on the day of surgery and after surgery, for 5 consecutive times. 4. Laser treatment: Especially suitable for the repair of acne marks (acne scars), superficial scars and linear scars. Which scars can be repaired? 1. Joint parts, hyperplastic scars or contracture scars that have affected joint activities, must be treated with timely surgery to restore joint functions 2. Facial and neck surgery and trauma scars, after treatment, can get satisfactory results 3. Surgical scars on the limbs and trunk area, such as caesarean section scars, can be improved 4. Chest and shoulder backs, with pain and itching symptoms, or scar bumps that are still growing 5. Earlobe scars caused by ear piercing 6. Acne pimple marks can be repaired by fractional laser after acne has been stabilized 7. Scarring baldness can be repaired by expander or hair transplantation 8. Atrophic scars repeatedly break down and need early treatment What is comprehensive and sequential treatment of scars? A single treatment method often cannot treat all scars, and more often than not, different methods need to be used in combination at different times. For example, after surgery or grinding, it is necessary to combine topical medication to prevent scar proliferation or regular medication injections with the aim of minimizing the newly formed scars; and for keloid scars, because of their proliferative nature and tendency to recur, it is often necessary to combine radiotherapy, surgery, and medication injections; after surgery for scars in the joint and limb areas, in the period of six months ~ one year, it is also necessary to Topical medication and elastic sleeve treatment are needed to maintain the healing effect and achieve the expected result. Once a scar starts to form, it often goes through a proliferation period of six months to a year, and during this half to a year, it is also crucial to prevent the scar from reappearing! So, after a scar surgery, the ability to adhere to the treatment of preventing new scars for another half to one year also becomes an important factor in achieving satisfactory results!