There are very many methods of scar treatment, which are generally divided into non-surgical treatment, surgical treatment, and comprehensive treatment in medical science. 1.Non-surgical treatment includes laser method, compression therapy method, radiation method, drug method, rehabilitation and other treatment methods. 2.Surgical treatment includes scar excision, fractionated and layered excision, post-excision skin slice and/or flap graft repair, laser or surgical grinding, tissue expander application, etc. 3. Comprehensive treatment includes post-surgical supplementation with drugs, laser or photon, radiation or homoeopathic treatment, and microcrystalline reconstitution of scar B-cell regeneration techniques. Each of these methods has its own advantages and disadvantages, and the scope of application is also different. If once a scar appears, there are so many methods how to choose it? Never act rashly, always consult an experienced doctor and make a clear diagnosis before choosing. The dermatology department of Yunnan Armed Police Border Guard General Hospital reminds patients that if they decide to repair their scars, then they must be treated early or else the best treatment time will be delayed I. Medication for scars There are many medications for the treatment of scars, and the most commonly used in clinical practice is the direct local application of scar: 1. Steroids Mainly local injections within the scar (such as tretinoin, etc.) or formulated into creams and ointments, applied and plastered. It is suitable for hyperplastic scars and keloids with obvious effect. Due to the effect of the drug itself, or excessive injection dose, incorrect method, different individual sensitivity of patients, etc., local or systemic side effects may occur after using the drug, such as: local capillary dilation, pigmentation, loss of pigmentation, mild local skin depression, menstrual disorders in women, etc. 2.Silicone preparations The most commonly used ones are Mepi, scar enemy, silicone cream, scar paste, etc., which are easy to use, simple, no local discomfort or slight discomfort. It is suitable for post-operative or early application after burns. In addition to this, Chinese herbal preparations in China have their own characteristics to suppress scar itching, such as scar itching ointment. However, the effect is relatively slow and the cure rate is low. It is especially important to emphasize that there are various topical drugs for scar treatment, which can accelerate the softening and degradation of scar, but cannot eliminate it completely. Some drugs advertise that they can completely eliminate the scar and remove the scar completely, which is not credible. Patients should not waste money and energy and increase their psychological burden by seeking medical help in a hurry. Compression therapy for keloid scars The method to prevent scar proliferation and treat hyperplastic keloid scars and keloid scars by applying continuous pressure on the scar area with elastic fabric (elastic sleeve, elastic garment, elastic bandage, etc.) is called compression therapy. Compression therapy has been used for more than 100 years to treat skin scars. The principle of action is that pressure narrows the vascular lumen in the scar and reduces blood flow, resulting in a lack of nutrients in the scar tissue and a significant inhibition of scar tissue proliferation, thus achieving the goal of scar treatment. This method is simple and easy to use, with almost no side effects, and can also be used as an adjunct to surgery, laser, medication, radiation and other treatments, which can reduce the dosage of medication and recurrence rate. This method is suitable for patients with various sizes of hyperplastic scars or those who are not suitable for radiotherapy or local drug treatment. Laser and photorejuvenation (intense pulsed light) therapy Laser and intense pulsed light are the latest scar treatment methods developed in recent years, with different emphasis on different scar treatments. Firstly, for superficial old depressed scars (such as post-surgery, post-trauma, chicken pox, and acne), fractional laser and ultra-pulsed carbon dioxide laser grinding treatment can be chosen, which can bring significant improvement after one to several times. Secondly, for hyperplastic keloid scars, laser can be used to close the blood vessels to slow down the growth and shrink the collagen tissue, and then close the scar with medication to stop the growth and flatten it. For post-surgical fresh wound scars, photorejuvenation (intense pulsed light) is preferred and can quickly calm and slow down the onset of hyperplasia. It also works well in conjunction with other treatments. For example, depressed keloid scars left after acne can be treated with multiple dermabrasion techniques or fractional techniques to remove the epidermis from parts of the scar, creating a trabecular surface and stimulating growth at the base of the scar at the same time. At the same time, combined with the topical application of biological products such as fibroblast growth factor and epidermal growth factor, the growth of fibrous tissues and skin epidermis is promoted, and the depressions are eventually filled in to achieve good cosmetic results. For larger areas of the face, eat liquid food for 3 days after dermabrasion, and change the dressing in the early postoperative period, which can grow well in 4-7 days if no infection occurs. The skin of the newly grown trauma is red and young, so pay attention to protection, you can apply sunscreen to prevent skin dryness and cracking or pigmentation color. Radiation therapy for scarring Radiation can penetrate human tissues, when it irradiates scarring tissues, its radiation energy is transmitted to the tissues, causing physical and chemical damage to the scar, thus inhibiting and destroying the growth of scarring, and achieving the purpose of treating scarring. In the early days, strong penetrating X-rays were applied for direct irradiation of keloid scars, but the effect was slow and side effects were large. Nowadays, it has been improved to apply β-rays that only irradiate superficial layers after excision of keloid scars or hyperplastic keloid scars, which shortens the treatment time and also greatly reduces side effects. Radiation therapy is indicated for the treatment of abnormal scarring and is usually used as an adjunctive therapy to prevent recurrence after surgery. Individual patients have mild local reactions after irradiation, and even develop radioactive dermatitis and radioactive ulcers, so further comprehensive treatment is required. Radiation therapy is not recommended at present. The role of physical therapy in scar treatment: Physical therapy is a method of treating scar tissue by using natural and artificial physical factors, such as electricity, light, sound, cold and heat, etc. It is referred to as physical therapy. It includes: light therapy, electrotherapy, hydrotherapy, heat therapy, ultrasound therapy, etc. In the process of wound healing, scar recovery and scar treatment, appropriate physical therapy can be selected as needed to prevent the formation of scar, soften the formed scar and promote scar treatment, such as reducing local symptoms of tightness, pulling, dryness, pain and itching, and improving local functions. Except for some superficial keloid scars which generally do not require treatment, all other types of scar tissue require treatment due to different degrees of contracture deformity and functional impairment. Scarring of the face and neck, in addition to producing deformities and dysfunction, can also affect the appearance and cause mental and psychological burden to the patient. Hand scarring can cause hand dysfunction. Scar contracture in other parts of the body can also affect the normal activities of individual limbs or joints. All types of scar contracture with functional impairment require treatment. Some scars that do not produce contracture symptoms but cause persistent itching or pain, or frequently break down, should also be considered for excision and repair. Surgical excision should be considered for smaller areas of proliferative scars that interfere with functional activities or form deformities, especially on the face and hands. Fine plastic surgery can make obvious, ugly scars tiny and inconspicuous. For mature and stable scar tissues, surgical excision can be used for treatment, and finally the scar can be treated by skin grinding or medical laser grinding, which will eventually lead to satisfactory results. VI. Significance of rehabilitation therapy in scar treatment Rehabilitation therapy for scar treatment is also called rehabilitation training, which mainly includes physical therapy method, medical exercise therapy and compression therapy. Proper, timely and correct rehabilitation training can improve the function of respiratory, circulatory, digestive and metabolic systems through the regulation of nerves and body fluids throughout the body, and improve the patient’s mood, which is no less important for patients whose severe and large scar formation leads to disfigurement and dysfunction, affecting normal work and daily life, and even causing psychological imbalance and mental depression. It not only softens the scar, but also regulates the physiological functions of the human body and restores the quality of the human body, including the strength of muscles, the endurance of movement, the flexibility of joint activities, the reaction and the balance and coordination of the body. It can also regulate the patient’s mentality through exercise and build up the confidence to be positive and overcome the disease.