Many patients with coronary heart disease repeatedly ask me what to pay attention to in their diet, both in the outpatient clinic and in the ward. On the one hand, this shows that people have understood and paid attention to the importance of healthy diet, but on the other hand, it also shows that health education in China is still far from enough, which needs the attention of our government and medical institutions. We as doctors are duty-bound to do so. Now we will briefly explain the problems that need to be noted in the diet of patients with coronary heart disease, and hope that it will be helpful to all patients: 1, control the total calories, maintain normal weight The proportion of sugar in the total calories should be controlled at 60% to 70%. It is advisable to eat more coarse grains to increase the content of complex sugars, fiber and vitamins. Monosaccharides and disaccharides, etc. should be properly controlled, also less sweets, especially for hyperlipidemia and obese people. 2, limit fat Fat intake should be limited to less than 30% of total calories, mainly vegetable fat. Appropriate to eat some lean meat, poultry, fish. Scientific research has found that the fat of sea fish contains polyunsaturated fatty acids, which can affect human lipid metabolism, reduce serum cholesterol and serum triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein and very low-density lipoprotein, thus protecting cardiovascular and preventing coronary heart disease. This shows that eating more sea fish is beneficial to the prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease. Dietary intake of cholesterol should be controlled, cholesterol intake should be less than 300 mg per day, the cholesterol in an egg is close to 300 mg, when suffering from coronary heart disease, the intake of eggs should be controlled, should be half an egg per day or an egg every two days. Do not eat several eggs a day. If you eat several eggs, you can eat only the whites, and throw away the yolks or make fertilizer. Don’t feel wasteful, because the harm caused by eating them is much greater than throwing them away. Coronary heart disease patients are mainly middle-aged and elderly, most of this part of our population has experienced economic hardship, it is not easy to do this. Some elderly people are afraid of wasting a few more bites, having high blood lipids, and taking a lot of lipid-lowering drugs, which is actually undesirable. Because dietary treatment and lifestyle improvement are the basis of treatment, we must not sacrifice the fundamentals for the end. Full-fat milk, cream, fatty pork, fatty lamb, fatty beef, liver, offal, butter, lard, butter, mutton oil, coconut oil should be avoided or used sparingly. 3, the right amount of protein Protein is an essential nutrient to maintain the heart, can enhance resistance, but the intake of too much protein is not good for coronary heart disease. Because protein is not easy to digest, it can speed up the metabolism and increase the burden on the heart. Some scholars have observed that excessive intake of animal protein can increase the incidence of coronary heart disease. So protein should be moderate. The daily content of protein in food should be 1 gram per kilogram of body weight, and milk, yogurt, fish and soy products should be used, which is beneficial to the prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease. 4, the diet should be light, low salt is particularly important for people with combined hypertension, salt intake is controlled to less than 5 grams per day. Can be increased or decreased with the seasonal activity. For example, in summer, sweating more, outdoor activities, you can increase the salt intake. In winter, sweating is less and activity is reduced accordingly, so salt intake should be controlled.
For the control of salt, the northern population is more important, a survey shows that the average daily intake of salt in the northern population of 15 grams or more. It is not easy to limit salt in people with high salt intake for a long time. I personally have a profound experience, I was slightly fat, because I feel less energy than before, for the health plan, 5 months of time to successfully lose 15 pounds, basically reached the ideal weight, energy is also much better. Although the years of high-salt diet habits have paid attention to, but slow to change, it is estimated that at least 10 grams per day, we do doctors still so, patients may be more difficult to do. 5, to eat more protective foods such as onions, garlic, purple flowers, alfalfa, fungus, kelp, shiitake mushrooms, nori, etc. For health care products, many patients have asked me, I have no research, I dare not comment. But history as a lesson, you can know the past and present: ancient emperors, almost no not eat health products, and all the imperial recipes to provide, there was no pollution, adulteration and other things (at least the emperor ate no), but the emperor rarely have a long life, the average life expectancy is lower than the ordinary people. Modern science has created a long and healthy life of mankind, the average life expectancy of our population is 71 years, the average life expectancy of the Japanese population has reached more than 80 years. Still believe that science is more reliable. 6, provide sufficient vitamins, inorganic salts and trace elements eat more vegetables and fruit is good for the heart. Vegetables and fruits are indispensable foods in the human diet, rich in vitamin C, inorganic salts, fiber and pectin. Where green vegetables or yellow fruits and vegetables contain more carotene, which has an antioxidant effect, vitamin C can affect myocardial metabolism, increase the toughness of blood vessels and make them more elastic, and large doses of vitamin C can make cholesterol oxidized to bile acid and excreted from the body. Kiwifruit, citrus, lemon and purple eggplant are rich in vitamin C, should eat more food containing vitamin C more. 7, avoid smoking and alcohol and strong tea and coffee Patients with coronary heart disease should quit smoking, reduce the amount of alcohol, when combined with hyperlipidemia and hypertension, should avoid drinking alcohol. Strong tea and coffee can excite the sympathetic nerve, increasing the incidence of cardiovascular events, should be properly reduced or avoided.