Chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis is the most common inflammatory thyroid disease. The thyroid gland is diffusely and mildly to moderately enlarged, with a firm texture, and is mostly asymptomatic. There may be pharyngeal discomfort. Local symptoms caused by goiter are rare, such as pressure in the neck and difficulty in swallowing. There is no cervical lymph node enlargement. This disease is an organ-specific autoimmune disease. Its etiology is very complex, and there may be genetic and environmental factors interacting with each other and the coordinated effects of age and sex hormones to cause the onset of the disease, which often occurs in several generations of the same family and is polygenic with a genetic predisposition. HLA-DR5 and HLA-B8 are often seen in patients with this disease, indicating a genetic susceptibility. Genetic factors play a role in the development of autoimmune thyroiditis,
The more definite susceptibility-related genes are certain alleles of the HLA-II locus. The relevance of HLA-II-like molecules to autoimmune thyroiditis has been examined at the genetic level. Most attention has been paid to the study of the relevance of HLA-II class genes to the disease, especially the role of the DQ locus. Studies have shown that there is no direct link between HLA-DR molecules and disease correlation, and that the correlation may be due to a high degree of linkage disequilibrium between DR and DQ, with the primary correlate often being a specific allele at the DQ locus. Foreign studies in HLA genetic factor studies found that DBW3, DR5 increased in European and American whites, while DBW53 appeared more frequently in Japanese. Data from domestic studies suggest that the HLA-DQAI*0301 gene is associated with HT susceptibility. In general, chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis is not harmful to women’s pregnancy, but if a woman wants to have a baby, she should get pregnant only after the disease is mild or effectively controlled after treatment, so as to protect both the fetus and the mother. It is also important to review the thyroid function before and during pregnancy and to treat hypothyroidism if it occurs. During pregnancy, special attention should be paid to the maintenance of the body to avoid adverse external stimuli.