Complications of tumor puncture biopsy

At present, the diagnosis of human tumor is still based on imaging diagnosis, supplemented by biochemical examination, and combined with clinical manifestations of patients, it can mostly make correct diagnosis. Occasionally, when difficult cases are encountered, tumor aspiration is needed to collect microscopic biopsies for pathological examination in order to help confirm the diagnosis. However, puncture biopsy should not be used as a routine diagnostic method. On the one hand, puncture biopsy is an invasive method and has certain risks; on the other hand, the results of puncture biopsy may not be accurate, for example, if the pathology sees cancer cells, the diagnosis can be confirmed; if the pathology does not see cancer cells, or reports “atypical hyperplasia”, etc., how can the clinician decide in such cases? If the patient is objectively malignant, but the puncture biopsy does not support the tumor, and the clinician does not treat the patient according to the tumor, the result and consequence is very terrible. In addition, the puncture biopsy needs to avoid some tissue structures, such as: blood vessels, cavity organs, etc.; also pay attention to avoid needle contamination or implantation; and, in the process of puncture biopsy, the puncture needle should not go through the free space. If the pressure inside the tumor is high, the tumor cells will spill out to the periphery and lead to local implantation.