The main factors for the formation of ascites in patients with cirrhosis are: 1. altered circulatory dynamics caused by portal hypertension, which reduces the blood flow back into the inferior vena cava through the liver. 2. Hypoproteinemia resulting in a decrease in blood colloid osmotic pressure, causing extravasation of tissue fluid into the abdominal cavity. 3. Insufficient effective circulating blood volume and other causes cause secondary renal dysfunction as well as increased aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone, leading to water and sodium retention. 4. Impaired lymphatic circulation and obstructed blood return. 5. Spontaneous peritonitis, etc.