Currently, there are three main treatments for hyperthyroidism, including internal antithyroid drug (ATD) therapy, iodine-131 therapy in nuclear medicine, and surgical treatment. Internal ATD treatment is effective and relatively mild, and the dosage can be adjusted in time during the treatment. The disadvantages of ATD treatment are the long duration of treatment, which usually takes 1-2 years, and the fact that ATD can cause damage to the liver, kidney function and hematopoietic system during treatment, which is often difficult to maintain once it occurs; one of the shortcomings of ATD treatment is that hyperthyroidism is prone to relapse when the drug is stopped or reduced, with a reported relapse rate of about 40-60% for ATD treatment. Iodine-131 treatment is easy to use, and usually only one dose of iodine-131 is taken. The symptoms of hyperthyroidism start to take effect and improve about one month after treatment, and most of them are clinically cured after three months and up to 90% at six months. Iodine-131 treatment does not cause any damage to liver, kidney function or hematopoietic function. Therefore, it is suitable for the treatment of patients with hyperthyroidism whose liver and kidney functions are abnormal or whose blood cells are reduced due to ATD treatment. Some patients with no significant improvement in symptoms or incomplete remission after six months of iodine-131 treatment may be retreated with iodine-131 again. A major complication of iodine-131 therapy is hypothyroidism. Studies have shown that most people with hypothyroidism occurring within one year of iodine-131 therapy (early onset hypothyroidism) can return to normal with thyroid hormone replacement therapy; however, hypothyroidism occurring after one year of iodine-131 therapy (late onset hypothyroidism) often requires longer conditioning or lifelong thyroid hormone replacement therapy. Surgical treatment usually involves subtotal thyroidectomy for hyperthyroidism, which provides rapid relief of hyperthyroid symptoms and is suitable for patients with hyperthyroidism with nodules. Some patients still have recurrence of hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism after surgery.