Hyperthyroidism, or hyperthyroidism for short, is a group of pathological conditions caused by excess thyroid hormones in the body for various reasons. The main manifestations are hypermetabolism and increased excitability of the sympathetic nervous system. Common clinical manifestations include: fear of heat, excessive sweating, palpitations, insomnia, excessive eating, easy hunger, weight loss, irritability, agitation, and irritability. In a strict sense the above is a series of symptoms caused by excess thyroid hormones in the blood, which is known as thyrotoxicosis in medicine. Since the causes of thyrotoxicosis are different, treatment must be taken for each cause in order to solve the underlying problem. Some of the main conditions are as follows. Toxic diffuse goiter, manifested as bilateral enlargement of the thyroid gland, some with protrusion, is caused by autoimmune disease, known as Graves’ disease (GD for short) in Western medicine. It has a unique clinical presentation. The onset of the disease is slow, with progressive worsening. Some cases are associated with muscle weakness, low menstrual flow or amenorrhea, or rough skin and edema in the lower legs. Positive associated antibodies can be detected. Anti-thyroid drugs are preferred for treatment, such as methimazole and propylthiouracil, and the course of treatment is mostly about 2 years. The cure rate is about 60%. Surgery or radioactive iodine treatment can also be considered, depending on the specific situation. The former is an adenoma with thyroid hormone secreting function, which is a tumor, while the latter is an autocrine function of the original thyroid nodule for unknown reasons. These patients are negative for relevant autoantibodies and do not have lower limb edema, which is not caused by autoimmunity. The symptoms of hyperthyroidism are mild and the thyroid is mostly painless. It can be differentiated from Graves by thyroid ultrasound, thyroid imaging and antibodies. It should be treated with radioactive iodine. Isolated adenomas in young patients can be treated surgically. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, also known as Hashimoto’s disease and chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, may have hyperthyroidism early in the course of the disease, or it may be very mild or absent. The symptoms of hyperthyroidism are short-lived and then turn into hypothyroidism. It is caused by the destruction of thyroid cells and the transient release of too much thyroid hormone, not by an overproduction of hormones by the thyroid gland. This disease has high thyroid antibodies and decreased iodine uptake by the thyroid gland. Since its hyperthyroidism lasts for a short time and is self-limiting, it does not need antithyroid drugs, but only sympathetic nerve suppression such as insulin or metoprolol to improve symptoms. If hypothyroidism is present, thyroid hormone supplementation is required. Fourth, subacute thyroiditis, also known as viral thyroiditis, or subthyroiditis, is associated with viral infection. It is characterized by thyroid pain, tenderness, and radiation to the pharynx and ears, accompanied by significant weakness, poor performance, fever, etc., increased blood sedimentation, elevated C-reactive protein, and negative autoantibodies. It is self-limiting, with pathological repair, thyroid function can return to normal, for this hyperthyroidism does not need anti-thyroid treatment, can be given insulin or metoprolol to relieve symptoms, for this disease is treated with antipyretic analgesics or prednisone drugs, if there is permanent hypothyroidism, then supplemental thyroxine. It is important to note that this disease is prone to recurrence and is associated with genetic material. V. Postpartum thyroiditis, also known as subacute painless thyroiditis, occurs in 5-10% of postpartum women, often within 3-4 months after delivery, with clinical manifestations of varying degrees of painless thyroid enlargement, starting with weeks of manifestations of hyperthyroidism, also due to damage to thyroid cells and release of hormones into the blood, this hyperthyroidism is self-limiting and most patients eventually return to normal, with a small number of patients left with permanent This type of hyperthyroidism is self-limiting and most patients eventually recover, but a small number of patients are left with permanent hypothyroidism. Autoantibodies are usually positive. This disease produces hyperthyroidism without antithyroid treatment, requiring only Tretinoin or Metoprolol to relieve symptoms, with attention to the effects on breastfeeding. Other rare causes include certain tumors of the pituitary gland, chylothorax, and choriocarcinoma that can cause the thyroid gland to produce too much hormone, which need to be treated with surgery or chemotherapy, or, if there are persistent hyperthyroid symptoms, anti-thyroid medications to address temporary symptoms. As we can see, the causes behind the same hyperthyroidism symptoms are complex, which is why doctors need to conduct laboratory tests and examinations, and even special tests are needed to make a clear diagnosis when it is difficult to make a decision at the moment. Therefore, patients with hyperthyroidism should go to an endocrinologist as soon as possible to confirm the diagnosis in order to receive timely and reasonable treatment.