PDA and secondary foramen ovale ASD have been matured and perfected, which basically can replace surgery and make the treatment easier and safer, and typical simple pulmonary valve stenosis can be effectively treated by percutaneous pulmonary valve balloon angioplasty, while the interventional treatment of ventricular septal defect (VSD) has historically lagged far behind that of PDA and ASD because of the complex anatomical form and important adjacent structures. The development of interventional treatment for VSD was far behind the development of PDA and ASD until 2001 when AGA invented the eccentric type of ventricular septal defect blocker, which was used in clinical practice in 2002 after achieving success in animal experiments. In terms of the chronological order of the types of VSD occlusion, the indications were gradually expanded, starting with myocardial ventricular defects, followed by perimembranous ventricular defects, which were considered off-limits for interventional treatment in the early stage, and then by intracrural, postseptal, perimembranous VSD within 2 mm from the aortic valve, and porous perimembranous aneurysmal VSD, which were contraindicated three years ago. Nevertheless, there is still a need to strictly grasp the indications for interventional treatment of these simple precordial diseases. 1, the indications for PDA blocking (1) Amplatzer method: ① left-to-right shunt does not combine the heart malformation requiring surgery PDA, PDA narrowest diameter ≥ 2 mm, weight ≥ 4 kg, age usually ≥ 6 months; ② post-surgical residual shunt; ③ diameter ≥ 14 mm PDA often combined with more severe pulmonary hypertension, its operation is difficult, low success rate, many complications, should be (2) Controlled spring embolus method: ① PDA with left-to-right shunt not combined with cardiac malformation requiring surgery, the narrowest diameter of PDA (single cook embolus ≤ 2 mm, single pfm embolus ≤ 3 mm), weight ≥ 4 kg, age usually 36 months; ② Post-surgical residual shunt. Aortography suggests that the site and shape of PDA is more suitable for spring embolus occlusion, and advocates interventional treatment together, while those with fine PDA that cannot be passed by either guidewire or catheter, and whose site and shape are also not suitable for occlusion, can be followed up and observed. 2, secondary orifice type ASD blocking indications (1) indications (Amplatzer method): ① age ≥ 3 years; ② diameter ≥ 5 mm, with increased right heart volume load, ≤ 36 mm secondary orifice type left-to-right shunt ASD; ③ defect edge to the coronary sinus, the distance between the upper and lower vena cava and pulmonary veins ≥ 5 mm, to the atrioventricular valve ≥ 7 mm; ④ septal diameter is greater than the selected blocking umbrella left (4) The diameter of the atrial septum is larger than the diameter of the left side of the selected blocking parachute; (5) No other cardiac anomalies that must be combined with surgical intervention, two-hole ASD, left-to-right shunt; (6) Post-surgical residual shunt. (2) Contraindications: (1) primary orifice ASD and coronary sinus ASD; (2) infective endocarditis and hemorrhagic disorders; (3) thrombosis at the placement of the blocker and venous thrombosis at the catheter insertion site; (4) severe pulmonary hypertension leading to right-to-left shunt; (5) severe myocardial disorders or valvular diseases unrelated to ASD. 3, indications for septal defect closure (1) age usually ≥ 3 years; (2) simple left-to-right shunt VSD with hemodynamic significance; (3) perimembranous VSD diameter > 3 mm, myocardial VSD diameter > 5 mm, maximum VSD diameter < 24 mm; (4) upper edge of VSD ≥ 2 mm from the aortic right coronary valve; (5) no aortic right coronary valve prolapse VSD and aortic valve (6) residual shunt after surgery; (7) ventricular defect after myocardial infarction or trauma, although not congenital, can still be closed using the technique of blocking the VSD of the precordial disease. 4, indications for percutaneous pulmonary valvuloplasty (1) clear indications: ① the best age 2-4 years, the rest of all ages can be performed; ② typical simple pulmonary stenosis; ③ right heart catheterization across the pulmonary valve systolic pressure difference ≥ 50 mmHg. (2) relative indications: ① typical pulmonary stenosis, right heart catheterization across the pulmonary valve systolic pressure difference.