Common causes of hematuria: urinary tract infection, stone, tumor, prostate enlargement, injury, tuberculosis, etc. Painless hematuria: characteristic of urinary tract tumors, with bladder tumors being the most common. The presence of hematuria in kidney tumors suggests that the tumor has invaded the renal pelvis or the renal calyces. In a few cases, renal tuberculosis, kidney stones, prostate hyperplasia, polycystic kidney, etc. can also cause painless hematuria, and some patients taking blood-stasis-activating or anticoagulant drugs can also have hematuria. Hematuria with renal colic: a characteristic of kidney and ureteral stones. When kidney tumor bleeds a lot, the acute obstruction of ureter caused by tumor tissue, necrotic detachment of kidney papillae and celiac clot can cause renal colic. Hematuria with bladder irritation symptoms: Acute cystitis is the most common. Acute pyelonephritis should be considered if symptoms such as high fever, chills, and lumbago are present. Acute prostatitis may have terminal hematuria. In young patients with symptoms of bladder irritation and terminal hematuria, a longer course of disease, and when general antibiotics are ineffective, renal tuberculosis should be considered. Similar symptoms may be seen with seminal vesiculitis, hemorrhagic cystitis, and radioactive cystitis fluid. Hematuria with lower urinary tract obstruction: lesions are mostly in the prostate or bladder. In prostatic hyperplasia, the mucosal vessels in the bladder neck are congested and ruptured, causing hematuria. Prostatitis, bladder stones, and bladder tumors can cause microscopic carnal hematuria or even obstruction. Hematuria with abdominal masses: unilateral are mostly renal tumors, renal tuberculosis, renal stones with effusion, bleeding kidney injury, renal prolapse, renal cysts, ectopic kidney, etc.; bilateral are often polycystic kidneys. Neonatal hematuria is commonly associated with renal vein embolism. In children, hematuria is common in glomerulonephritis, and can also occur in nephroblastoma and congenital malformations. in adults under 40 years of age, hematuria is more common in women with urinary tract infections, and in men with stones, prostatitis, tuberculosis, urethritis and trauma. in adults over 40 years of age, hematuria is more common in tumors, prostatic hyperplasia and infections.