Patients develop white spots on their skin, usually due to a decrease in melanocytes caused by different factors. Melanin formation is dependent on tyrosine and tyrosinase, which requires the involvement of copper ions. Impairment of either of these substances can lead to impaired melanin production. If the age-related leukoplakia is caused by the aging of the skin and the reduction of melanocytes in the elderly, it is a normal physiological phenomenon and needs no treatment. If you exclude this possibility, clinically seen as vitiligo, the formation of white spots on the skin is mainly affected by the following aspects: 1, genetic inheritance: the appearance of white spots may be related to the genetic inheritance of the patient’s relatives, genetic factors are one of the main factors leading to the development of vitiligo, mainly affected by genetic background, lifestyle habits, chromosomal inheritance laws and other factors, can occur family gathering phenomenon; 2, autoimmune reaction : Some people will have an immune reaction to melanocytes in their bodies, and there are anti-melanocyte antibodies in body fluids that resist the formation of melanin in the body and kill melanocytes in the body. The destruction of melanocytes can stimulate the body’s immune system to produce more antibodies, leading to the destruction of more melanocytes and an increase in the white spots of the patient’s body; 3. When the patient is chronically overstressed, mentally depressed, overworked, etc., it may lead to changes in neurotransmitter release, while the endocrine system is also affected, which may eventually cause a reduction in melanin secretion and the formation of white spots; 4, self-destruction of melanocytes: if the patient uses chemicals for a long time, or products that can produce toxins to the body, it may cause the melanocytes in the body to be destroyed by toxins, and thus white spots; 5. Lack of certain elements: when the patient’s body is relatively deficient in copper ions, it may lead to the reduction of melanin synthesis and the appearance of white spots.