Breastfeeding is the first step in promoting the health of children and families. Currently, breastfeeding is widely supported in hospitals. However, the issue of community breastfeeding has not received the same level of attention. Recently, researchers from La Trobe University and the Royal Women’s Hospital in Australia focused on the issue and published their findings in the journal BMJ. Many young mothers often stop breastfeeding due to breastfeeding problems such as breast tenderness after delivery. Of these, sore nipples, breasts and inadequate breast milk supply are the most common causes. Nipple and breast pain Mastitis is a common cause of nipple and breast pain. Studies have shown a lack of management of mastitis treatment (including the use of antibiotics). Effective milk evacuation is the first choice in the treatment of mastitis. This can be achieved by increasing the frequency of feedings and increasing contact between the baby and the breast. Some patients will choose antibiotics for mastitis. However, there are few studies that can prove the effectiveness of antibiotics. Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is the most common pathogen in mastitis. In recent years, MRSA has been frequently detected in breast milk and breast abscess aspirates from women with mastitis. Clinicians should be aware of the local prevalence of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA). If the disease is highly suspected or confirmed, clinicians should aggressively pursue breast milk microbiology testing. Infectious disease specialists should also take appropriate measures. In addition, incorrect feeding practices, nipple injury, herpes simplex virus infection, dermatitis, thrush or Candida infection, nipple vasospasm If feeding practices are incorrect, the mother should promptly adjust her breastfeeding position. When breastfeeding the infant, the mother should use the backrest to reduce shoulder tension, place the infant’s head on her forearm and support the infant’s back with her hands. The baby’s body should face the mother, ensuring that the head, neck and back are in a straight line. The infant’s chest is placed close to the mother’s chest, the nose is placed in the same straight line as the mother’s nipple, and the chin touches the breast. At the same time, the infant’s mouth is opened at an angle greater than 100° and the nipple and areola are placed fully in the mouth (Figure 4), with the chin sunk in the mother’s breast to ensure smooth breastfeeding. If the nipple skin is damaged, lanolin breast cream helps to repair the damaged nipple. If herpes simplex virus infection is suspected, the mother should stop breastfeeding until the skin damage has healed. If the nipple and areola are affected by various skin conditions (e.g. eczema), glucocorticoids (e.g. mometasone) may provide relief. If the breast is infected with thrush or Candida, both mother and baby should be treated with antifungal medication (e.g., fluconazole). If the nipple is vasospastic, the mother should keep the nipple warm after breastfeeding. The calcium channel blocker nifedipine (starting dose 20 mg/day, maximum dose 60 mg/day) may also relieve nipple and breast pain. Most women will experience results at 20-30 mg/day. After pain relief, the clinician should gradually reduce the dose of the drug according to the condition. Insufficient breast milk supply Sufficient breast tissue, normal hormone levels and regular milk evacuation are satisfied at the same time to ensure adequate breast milk supply. If a woman has insufficient breast milk supply after delivery, she should promptly squeeze her breasts, empty the milk, increase the frequency of breastfeeding, and use lactation drugs (such as domperidone). All these methods will increase breast milk supply. And the best way to assess breast milk supply is infant weight monitoring. In studies on drug choices for breastfeeding women, researchers have found that the potential risks of drugs during breastfeeding are significantly reduced compared to pregnancy. Lactating women should avoid medications whenever possible. If necessary, clinicians should assess the dose and risk factors for infants and children and select drugs with data on breastfeeding duration, short half-life, high protein binding, low oral bioavailability or high molecular weight. Also, preterm and low birth weight infants need to be dosed with caution. The American Academy of Pediatrics states that radioactive compounds and anticancer drugs are contraindicated in breastfeeding women. While the former must be breastfed after 4-5 half-lives (98% of drugs are eliminated after 5 half-lives). Therefore, the investigators recommend that clinicians choose drugs that enter breast milk in low concentrations based on pharmacokinetic knowledge, while ensuring the health of the mother.