Adenoids, also known as pharyngeal tonsils, are present from birth, develop to their maximum size at the age of 6-7 years, begin to gradually shrink after the age of 10 years, and largely disappear in adulthood. Adenoids are lymphoid tissues that have an active immune function during childhood and gradually increase in size, reaching their maximum size at the age of 6-7 years under normal physiological conditions, and begin to gradually shrink after the age of 10. If inflammation in the nasopharynx and adjacent areas or the adenoids themselves repeatedly stimulate, it is easy to make the gland pathologically hyperplastic and hypertrophic, which will not atrophy even at a certain age, and then affect breathing and swallowing, which may cause cerebral hypoxia and affect physical and intellectual development, then it needs to be surgically removed. Parents should be alert to adenoid hypertrophy if their children have frequent symptoms of nasal obstruction, runny nose, and snoring, and they are advised to visit the ENT department of a hospital to have a lateral nasopharyngeal film or nasopharyngoscopy performed to clarify adenoid enlargement.