Coronary angiography for diagnostic purposes is available in the following cases: 1, unexplained chest pain, which cannot be determined by noninvasive tests and is highly clinically suspected of coronary artery disease; 2, unexplained arrhythmias such as intractable ventricular arrhythmias or new-onset conduction block, which are highly suspected of ischemia; coronary angiography is often required to exclude coronary artery disease; 3, unexplained left heart insufficiency is mainly seen in dilated cardiomyopathy or ischemic cardiomyopathy, which are identified Coronary angiography is often required; 4, recurrent angina after coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting; 5, congenital heart disease and valve disease before major surgery, age greater than 50 years, prone to combined coronary artery malformations or coronary atherosclerosis, need to be clarified before surgery, can be intervened at the same time; 6, asymptomatic but suspected of coronary heart disease in high-risk occupations such as pilots, etc. or the need for medical insurance. Yin Zhaofang, Department of Cardiology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Coronary angiography for therapeutic purposes is available in the following cases: 1, the clinical diagnosis of coronary heart disease is clear, coronary angiography is performed to clarify the extent and degree of coronary artery lesions and select treatment strategies; stable angina or old myocardial infarction, internal medicine treatment is not effective and affects study, work and life; 2, unstable angina, ischemic Guidance strategy, active intensive medical treatment, active coronary angiography; early angiography is appropriate when drug therapy is ineffective; for high-risk patients with unstable angina, spontaneous predominantly, with obvious ST-segment changes in ECG and post-infarction angina, coronary angiography can also be performed directly; 3, acute myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation (AMI) within 6 hours of onset or onset of more than 6 hours still with If PCI is not available, patients with contraindications to thrombolysis for AMI should be transferred to a hospital with conditions for PCI; patients who have not recanalized with intravenous thrombolysis after AMI should seek remedial PCI as early as possible and in due course; AMI with complications such as cardiogenic shock and septal perforation should be treated with reperfusion as soon as possible, although the mortality rate is extremely high; for patients with high suspicion of For patients with high suspicion of AMI but cannot be diagnosed, especially those with left bundle branch block, pulmonary embolism, aortic coarctation, or pericarditis, coronary angiography can be performed directly to clarify the diagnosis; 4, patients with asymptomatic coronary artery disease with positive exercise test and obvious risk factors should undergo coronary angiography; 5, patients with coronary CT and other imaging findings or high suspicion of moderate stenosis or unstable plaque in the coronary arteries; 6, patients with primary cardiac arrest who are resuscitated successfully should undergo coronary angiography. Patients who are resuscitated successfully from primary cardiac arrest are often at high risk of having proximal coronary artery lesions, left main stem lesions or proximal anterior descending branch lesions, and should be treated with early vascular lesion intervention, requiring coronary artery evaluation; 7. Coronary artery lesion evaluation is often required again after coronary artery bypass grafting or PCI, or angina pectoris.