Cerebrovascular malformations: AVM, cavernous hemangioma, etc.; 2. Benign cranial tumors: meningioma, pituitary tumor, auditory neuroma, pineal tumor, craniopharyngioma, chordoma, trigeminal neuroma, hemangioblastoma, nerve sheath tumor, etc.; 3. Metastases, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, melanoma, lymphoma, germ cell tumor, etc.; 4. Functional diseases: trigeminal neuralgia, etc.; 5. Tumors of special sites: orbital tumors, jugular foramen tumors, pineal tumors, cavernous sinus tumors, etc.; 6. Residual tumors after conventional craniotomy; 7. Recurrent tumors after conventional treatment; 8.