Bone age determination and adult height prediction not only play an important role in children’s health care, but also can predict the arrival of growth spurt and puberty, evaluate pediatric growth and development, especially for the diagnosis and treatment of genetic and endocrine diseases with height abnormalities in clinical practice. (1) Diagnosis of the etiology of genetic and endocrine diseases related to height abnormalities: many diseases will affect skeletal development, either making it early or making it backward, such as adrenocortical hyperplasia, precocious puberty, hyperthyroidism, ovarian granulosa cell tumor, etc. will lead to early bone age; while ovarian dysplasia (Turner syndrome), chondrodysplasia, pituitary dwarfism, low A, etc. will lead to significantly backward bone age. The clinical differentiation of primary dwarfism, familial dwarfism, intrauterine growth retardation and somatic pubertal growth retardation is difficult, but the determination of bone age and prediction of adult height combined with medical history can help in the diagnosis; primary dwarfism and familial inherited dwarfism have normal bone age and low predicted adult height, but the predicted adult height of children with familial inherited dwarfism is in the range of However, the predicted adult height of children with familial hereditary dwarfism is within the range of genetic height; intrauterine growth retardation has low bone age and short adult height, which can be diagnosed in early childhood with medical history, and somatic pubertal growth retardation has backward bone age, and the predicted adult height is not low because the bone age and height age are basically the same. (2) Treatment monitoring and efficacy observation of genetic and endocrine diseases related to height abnormalities: The purpose of treatment for dwarfism is to maximize growth potential and increase adult height, therefore, monitoring of bone age and adult height prediction is very critical in treatment. Most children with central precocious puberty can reach normal adult height. Whether therapeutic intervention is needed should be monitored regularly for bone age and analyzed for the risk of short stature in combination with the first adult height prediction value. Therefore, regular measurement of bone age is important for determining the effect of treatment and the timing of gonadal inhibitor or anabolic hormone administration, which is generally recommended once every six months. (3) It is used to evaluate growth and puberty: compared with physiological indicators such as weight, height and circumference, bone age can more accurately reflect the actual development level of children; in addition, children from different regions and races follow the same pattern of bone development, and only the speed is slightly different; therefore, using bone age to evaluate development is both objective and comparable, that is, bone age can more accurately reflect the real biological development level of the body. Therefore, bone age is both objective and comparable, i.e., it can more accurately reflect the true biological development level of the organism. The difference between bone age and age (SA-CA) is used as a benchmark to classify children into early maturity (SA-CA≥1 year), average maturity (SA-CA<±1 year), and late maturity (SA-CA>-1 year), and it can be found that, if all conditions are the same, late maturity has a greater potential for height increase. The growth spurt is a period of rapid acceleration of physical development and skeletal growth in children before puberty, due to the endocrine effect, which indicates the imminent arrival of puberty. In growth and development clinics, skeletal age is often the doctor’s preferred test.