If rheumatic diseases are not diagnosed and treated at an early stage, they often affect the healing process, resulting in reduced quality of life in mild cases and disability or even death in severe cases. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment of rheumatic diseases is very important. Signs and symptoms of rheumatic diseases in children are often atypical and sometimes non-specific, and are often confused with symptoms of infections, blood diseases, and neoplastic diseases. If you encounter a child with prolonged fever, characteristic rash, joint pain, swelling, mobility disorders, refractory anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, hemolytic anemia, unexplained proteinuria, hematuria and other clinical manifestations, you should be highly alert to the presence of rheumatism in children after excluding blood diseases, infectious diseases and tumor diseases. Further routine blood, urine and stool tests can be done, and a full set of autoantibody tests such as RNA, DNA, DS-DNA, RF, ACL, etc. can also be done. Since the onset of rheumatism is related to infection, genetics and immune factors, the most important thing in preventing the onset of rheumatism is to prevent infection, especially in those children with a family history of rheumatism to avoid infection. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen physical exercise, increase nutrition reasonably, pay attention to improving the immune function of the body, arrange work and rest time reasonably, avoid excessive fatigue and cross-infection, and make preventive vaccination on time. Once the above-mentioned symptoms and signs of rheumatism appear, please consult a doctor promptly, so that early detection, early diagnosis, and early treatment. The prognosis of rheumatism in children is more optimistic if the three early stages can be achieved.