(Disclaimer: This article is for scientific use only. To protect patient privacy, the information in the following content has been processed.) Abstract: A parent came to the hospital with a very anxious child on his 15th day of life, saying that the child had a convulsion at home half an hour ago. The parents said that the child had been having some diarrhea for the past two days and had no fever. The EEG indicated temporary abnormal discharge and slow wave formation, and the rest of the examination results were basically normal, and the diagnosis was benign neonatal convulsions. The child was placed on cardiac monitoring and treated with medication to stop the diarrhea, and no further convulsions occurred. The treatment plan was cardiac monitoring and antidiarrheal medication (bifidobacterium triptans + montelukast). A parent came to the emergency room with their child, who was born only 15 days ago, in a great hurry, saying that the child had a convulsion at home half an hour ago, with eyes staring at nothing, not responding to calls, and incontinence, which lasted about 20 seconds and resolved on its own. When asked about the medical history, the parents said that the child had gotten cold two days ago and had diarrhea symptoms in the past two days. The physical examination did not show any significant abnormalities, and there were no specific positive signs of the nervous system. He was admitted to the hospital to complete relevant tests, including routine blood and urine tests, liver and kidney functions, cranial CT, and electroencephalogram. The diagnosis was benign neonatal convulsions with mild gastroenteritis, except for temporary abnormal discharge and slow wave formation in the EEG, but all other tests were basically normal. The pathogenesis of benign neonatal convulsions is not clear, but some studies suggest that the pathogenesis is related to the immature development of the brain in children, and that under the influence of certain triggers such as diarrhea, the internal environment is affected, causing abnormal discharge of brain cells, which leads to convulsions. Therefore, the child was admitted to the hospital and given cardiac monitoring after completing the relevant tests, while the diarrhea was treated accordingly with bifidobacterium triethiodide and montelukast orally to stop the diarrhea, and fed carefully. After 5 days of hospitalization, the child did not have any further convulsions and was discharged from the hospital and was instructed to follow up with the clinic in 3 days. After 5 days of hospitalization and careful care, the child’s mental status improved significantly, no further convulsions occurred, better appetite, normal urine and stool, no diarrhea, no drowsiness and no easy frightening, and the results of EEG were normal. The parents were instructed to closely observe the child’s condition and feed him carefully after he was discharged home. We are glad that after the treatment and care, the child’s condition improved and no more convulsions occurred. Because newborns are a special group, they are prone to diarrhea and colds after exposure to cold and infection, which can sometimes trigger benign neonatal convulsions and lead to twitching of the limbs and other symptoms. Therefore, parents are advised to take better care of their newborns, maintain a hygienic living environment, and add and remove clothes for them in a timely manner to prevent them from getting cold or developing infections that may lead to recurrence of the disease. If there are frequent crying and abnormal bowel movements, it is also necessary to seek medical attention to identify the specific causes. The cause of benign neonatal convulsions is not very clear, and may be triggered by diarrhea, vomiting and other conditions, so parents should pay attention to careful feeding to minimize the chances of the child’s illness. The overall prognosis of benign neonatal convulsions is good, but because of the suddenness of the attack, the child’s limbs twitch and eyes stare, which may lead to parents being frightened and momentarily overwhelmed, parents are advised to try to maintain a rational state of mind, to pat the child’s back and play the soles of the feet, to adopt a lateral position and open the mouth to avoid suffocation, and to send the child to the doctor in time after the initial emergency treatment. After active treatment, as in this case, the child can achieve good treatment results.