(Disclaimer: This article is only for scientific purposes, in order to protect the patient’s privacy, the relevant information in the following content has been processed) Abstract: Parents: the child is a full-term child, since last night, the convulsive seizure once, manifested as the eyes rolled up, staring, perioral cyanosis, accompanied by a little spitting up, rowing boat-like movements of the upper limbs, lower limbs straightening, limbs, such as increased muscle tone symptoms. This morning, the child had another seizure while awake, with the same symptoms as before. He came to our hospital immediately. After complete electroencephalogram, lumbar puncture, cranial CT and other related examinations, suggesting neonatal convulsions, after medication + oxygen therapy, review of the electroencephalogram was significantly better than before. Basic information] Male, 2 days [Type of disease] Convulsions in newborns [Hospital] Jinan Children’s Hospital [Time of consultation] May 2022 [Treatment plan] Medication (Phenobarbital sodium injection) + Oxygen therapy [Treatment cycle] Hospitalization for 7 days, outpatient follow-up after discharge for 2 weeks [Effect of treatment] Convulsions are controlled and no episodes occurred I. Initial interview Parents of the patient rushed into the hospital room, carrying their child in their arms and escorted by a physician in the emergency room. Parents complained that the child was a full-term infant with a history of mild asphyxia. Since last night, the child had one convulsive seizure, which was characterized by upturning of the eyes, staring, cyanosis around the mouth, accompanied by a little foaming, rowing-like movements of the upper limbs, straightening of the lower limbs, and increased muscle tone of the limbs, which lasted for about 30 seconds and resolved on its own, and the parents did not pay attention to it, but this morning the child had a convulsive seizure in the waking state, with the same symptoms as before, and the seizures were more frequent than before, and they occurred twice in an hour, so the parents quickly took the patient to the emergency department of the hospital. First of all, EEG examination was performed to determine whether there was any abnormal EEG activity. The 3-hour video EEG showed abnormal neonatal EEG: bilateral anterior head dominated, multifocal spike, sharp, multi-spike, and spike-shaped slow wave. The presence of neonatal convulsions was confirmed by the combination of the child’s clinical presentation and EEG findings. Convulsive seizures occurred again after the child returned to the ward, and phenobarbital sodium injection was immediately given to sedate and stop the convulsions. The cause of the convulsive seizure needed to be found. Convulsive seizures occurred on the second day of the child’s life, all of which occurred when he was awake, and could be relieved by himself at first, and then the seizures gradually became more frequent. Combined with the clinical manifestations of neonatal convulsions and the results of electroencephalography, the preliminary diagnosis of neonatal convulsions was made. When the convulsive seizures occurred, timely anticonvulsant treatment was given, and the child also had perioral cyanosis, and oxygen therapy was given at the same time. There are many causes of neonatal convulsions, and common causes include neonatal intracranial infections, electrolyte disorders, hypoglycemia, intracranial hemorrhage, intracranial space-occupying lesions, genetic metabolic disorders, vitamin B6 deficiencies, early-onset epilepsy, and benign neonatal sleep myoclonus. Lumbar puncture, cranial CT, electrolytes, blood glucose monitoring, vitamin levels, screening for inherited metabolic diseases, and genetic testing were needed to help determine the cause of the neonatal convulsions. The child was admitted to the hospital with the above tests urgently and all tests were negative except for an abnormal EEG. The treatment of neonatal convulsions without a specific etiology is mainly symptomatic supportive therapy, i.e., sedation to stop convulsions, which is currently the clinically preferred treatment with phenobarbital sodium injection. The child did not have convulsive seizures after treatment with phenobarbital sodium injection, and was discharged from the hospital to continue to take oral phenobarbital tablets, and if he did not have a seizure, he was discharged to the hospital in 2 weeks for a review of the electroencephalogram. Third, the treatment effect of neonatal convulsions is symptomatic diagnosis, when the child found that the convulsive seizures, given to stop convulsive treatment at the same time need to find out the cause of the convulsive seizures, if there is a find the cause of the cause of the cause of the cause of the need to be given to target the cause of the treatment. No common cause of convulsive seizures was identified in this child, but there was a history of mild asphyxia, which may have been related to hypoxic damage to the brain caused by asphyxia during labor. The child went home and continued to take oral phenobarbital treatment, and did not have any convulsive seizures, and the EEG was basically normalized after discharge from the hospital. Note: We are glad that the patient’s symptoms have improved after treatment, but because neonatal convulsions are characterized by sudden onset and abrupt onset, i.e., there is no sign of convulsive seizure, so there is no measure to prevent or prevent it. When the child has a convulsive seizure, parents should first turn the child on his side to prevent the milk vomited by the child from entering the airway during the convulsive seizure, which may lead to aspiration or asphyxiation. In addition, it is necessary to consult the nearest hospital in a timely manner and give medication to stop the convulsions. Pay attention to continuous pulse oximetry and cardiac monitoring, and give oxygen and other symptomatic supportive treatment in case of hypoxia. Persistent convulsive seizures can lead to generalized muscle spasm, airway spasm, etc., which can cause organ damage, including brain damage, and even endanger the child’s life. V. Personal perception of neonatal convulsions have many causes, although the case of the child did not have obvious triggers, but the presence of appropriate symptoms, as well as electrocardiogram abnormalities suggest the presence of neonatal convulsions, reminding parents need to pay attention to identify and pay attention to: neonatal convulsive seizures have the characteristics of sudden and sudden, when the child convulsive seizures, you should first of all turn the child on his side to prevent accidental inhalation, and in a timely manner, the nearest hospital to the hospital to stop the convulsive treatment, to reduce the visceral damage caused by convulsions, and reduce the risk of death. The first is to reduce the damage to organs caused by convulsive seizures and the occurrence of persistent convulsive seizures; secondly, convulsions are a manifestation of disease, the need to find the cause of the convulsions, treatment for the cause of the cause of the convulsions from the root to control the convulsions; convulsions of children should be prescribed oral medication, and timely review of hospitals to assess the effectiveness of treatment.