Pharmacological treatment of hyperglycemia is mostly based on correcting insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion. According to the different effects, oral hypoglycemic drugs can be divided into drugs that mainly promote insulin secretion as the main effect and drugs that lower blood glucose through other mechanisms. Such as metformin, gliclazide, acarbose and other drugs, it is recommended to follow the doctor’s instructions. Drugs that promote insulin secretion mainly include sulfonylureas, gliclazides, and dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors (DPP⁃4i), while drugs that lower blood glucose through other mechanisms mainly include biguanides, thiazolidinediones (TZD), α-glucosidase inhibitors, and sodium ⁃ glucose cotransporter protein 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i). Patients with diabetes are advised to take medication for treatment under the supervision of a physician.