In our country, the incidence of coronary heart disease is high, but most people, including those with coronary heart disease, do not have a grasp of first aid in the event of a coronary heart attack. And in the event of such an emergency, whether or not one has knowledge of first aid can mean the difference between life and death.
In an acute attack of coronary heart disease, the patient suddenly suffers from severe chest pain, sweating profusely, and even sudden cardiac arrest. When this happens, family members often panic and make a mess, not only do they not give effective first aid to the patient, but even speed up the patient’s death because of some wrong practices. Such examples are numerous. Now, let’s understand what we should and can do in case of acute attack of coronary heart disease.
1. Rest immediately
Whether it is angina or myocardial infarction, patients should first immediately stop all activities, sit down or bed rest, forbidden to run and call for help or walk to the hospital. If you are outdoors, you should rest in place squatting. Because stillness can reduce the load on the heart, thus reducing myocardial oxygen consumption and delaying necrosis of myocardial cells due to hypoxia. At the same time, the spirit should be relaxed and not overly tense. If the onset in the winter field should pay attention to keep warm.
2, smooth breathing
Smooth and effective breathing is especially important for patients with acute attacks of coronary heart disease. Windows should be opened immediately to keep the room air fresh. At the same time, untie the patient’s collar and remove the vomit from the patient’s mouth in time to avoid airway obstruction caused by accidental inhalation. Family members should also keep reassuring the patient to avoid airway spasm caused by excessive tension, which can lead to asphyxia. The condition can be immediately administered oxygen through the nose.
3.Nitroglycerin
People with a history of coronary heart disease should always have emergency drugs. Once the angina attack, can immediately sublingual nitroglycerin 1 tablet or quick-acting heart pills 5, in about 1 to 2 minutes can be effective, the effect lasts about half an hour. Or take 1 to 2 tablets of cardiac pain, which usually works in 5 minutes and lasts for 2 hours.
The onset of angina is usually relieved in a few minutes after resting and taking nitroglycerin; otherwise, the possibility of myocardial infarction should be considered. At this time, nitroglycerin tablets can be increased to 1 every 3-5 minutes, or oral coronary heart sulforaphane. Some spray preparations for acute attacks of coronary heart disease (such as isosorbide nitrate aerosol) can also be effective in a short time. If the patient is irritable, he or she can be given one oral Valium, or he or she can finger pinch or needles acupuncture points such as Neiguan (located 2 inches above the transverse wrist stripe, equivalent to his or her own 3 horizontal fingers, taken between the two tendons). Of course, at the same time as the above treatment, should quickly call for help to the emergency center.
4.Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Sudden coronary death is one of the major diseases that seriously threaten human health and life at present, and the onset of the disease is generally dominated by middle-aged and elderly people. However, in recent years, the tendency of sudden coronary heart disease death in China has become younger, which has aroused widespread concern. One of the most dangerous types of coronary heart disease attacks and the most common cause of death is sudden cardiac arrest, often called sudden coronary death. Since the patient is suffering from more serious coronary heart disease, sudden death can occur anytime and anywhere, such as in daily life, during travel, at work, or during medical treatment, regardless of whether there are conscious symptoms such as chest pain and panic. For a sudden death victim, 4 minutes after the heartbeat and respiration have stopped is the critical time for first aid. At this time, the energy in the brain has not yet been exhausted, so giving timely on-site first aid may bring the sudden death back to life; if more than 4 minutes, the brain cells can be necrosis due to severe ischemia and hypoxia, the patient almost has no possibility of survival, even if survived, most of them are vegetative.
So how to resuscitate a sudden death person on the spot?
While asking someone to call for help from the emergency center, the patient should be immediately put on his back on a wooden board. Then, carry out resuscitation according to the following steps.
A. Open the airway
Since the tongue root of the sudden death victim falls backward and blocks the entrance to the airway to varying degrees, the patient should first be given a clear airway. The method is that the first-aider is located on the patient’s side, with one hand placed on the patient’s forehead and pressed downward, and the index and middle fingers of the other hand placed on the patient’s chin (chin) and lifted upward, so that the patient’s airway is fully opened.
B. Artificial respiration
At this time, the lungs of the sudden death has collapsed, so the first time you need to blow two mouthfuls of air, observe the chest and abdomen to have heaving. And then blow 12 to 16 times per minute. Note that when blowing should pinch the patient’s nostrils closed, and mouth-to-mouth seal. Since 18% of the air blown out by the first-aider is oxygen (the atmosphere contains 21% oxygen), as long as the blowing is correct, the patient can get sufficient oxygen.
C. External chest cardiac compressions
That is, the heart is made to beat by manual means, so that the flowing blood sends oxygen from the lungs to the brain and other important organs. The first-aider can place the palm root of one hand on the lower 1/3 of the patient’s sternum, overlap the palm root of the other hand on the back of the former hand, then tense both arms and press down with the strength of the waist to a depth of 4 to 5 cm. The frequency is 100 times per minute.
The above is what is usually called CPR. If you cannot perform artificial respiration skillfully, you must do chest compressions without interruption, not stopping at will, until the ambulance arrives, and pass the “baton” of first aid to the accompanying doctor in time, which is expected to greatly improve the survival rate of sudden death. The survival rate of the sudden death victim can be greatly improved.
4.Caution
When coronary angina attack or myocardial infarction, make sure that the patient is lying down, do not move at will, do not rush to the doctor, and do not force the patient to go to the hospital. You can first resuscitate at home as described above, if it is an angina attack, it can be relieved after treatment. If it is a myocardial infarction is not relieved, you must contact the 120 emergency center in the first place.