When HPV test is performed, it is not normal for any of them to be positive. When HPV16 is positive, it indicates the possibility of precancerous lesions, which is a more serious HPV infection. It is recommended that a cervical biopsy be performed to determine whether there is a possibility of precancerous lesions, and the next step of treatment will be based on the results of the cervical biopsy. The results of cervical biopsy usually include low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, chronic inflammation and high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia. When chronic inflammation and low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia are present, local vaginal plugs can be administered for three months to determine if HPV16 has turned negative if there is a need for fertility. If high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia is present, a cervical conization will be performed to determine the extent of viral infiltration before proceeding to the next step of treatment. If cancer is present, extensive laparoscopic total uterus plus bilateral adnexal and pelvic lymph node dissection is required.
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