There are several treatment options available for hyperthyroidism. The best treatment option is chosen according to the patient’s gender, age, disease duration, size of thyroid gland form, severity of hyperthyroid complications and the patient’s own preferences. Hyperthyroidism can cause damage to the heart, liver, kidneys and other organs and induce many complications, which can be very damaging to the patient’s body. Therefore, once hyperthyroidism is clearly diagnosed, it should be treated immediately with reasonable methods. Currently, the main clinical treatments for hyperthyroidism include medical treatment, surgery and isotope therapy. Internal treatment includes anti-thyroid medication, strengthening nutritional support, improving living habits, and reducing the stress of study and life. Anti-thyroid drugs are mainly thiourea compounds, which can directly inhibit the synthesis of thyroid hormones in the thyroid tissue and reduce the level of thyroid hormones in the blood. During the treatment period, medications such as insulin and betalactam are needed to slow down the heart rate and control the symptoms. Life should be properly increased with rest, adequate nutrition and calories, including sugar, protein, fat and B vitamins, and attention to avoid mental stimulation and excessive fatigue. Medication is usually maintained for 2 years, after which about 50% of patients are cured, and the symptoms may recur in about 50% of patients. If mental stimulation or stress (such as a high-intensity work environment or the environment before high school exams) is not lifted for a long time, patients need to take medication for a long time to control hyperthyroidism. Surgical treatment is achieved by surgically removing part of the thyroid tissue or the adenoma causing hyperthyroidism so that the patient produces less thyroid hormone. Surgery may be considered for those who have had poor results with long-term medication, or whose hyperthyroidism has recurred after stopping medication several times, or whose thyroid gland is significantly enlarged in size. Isotope therapy uses radioactive iodine to destroy the thyroid tissue. The first step is to perform an “iodine uptake rate test” to see if the patient’s thyroid tissue can absorb iodine. If the patient’s thyroid tissue is able to collect iodine, then the patient is given “radioactive iodine”, also known as “iodine 131”. After taking “Iodine 131”, the iodine converges on the thyroid tissue and releases rays that kill the surrounding thyroid cells, thus curing hyperthyroidism. These iodine elements are like tracking missiles, they only run to the thyroid tissue to kill the enemy, and rarely stay in other parts of the body, causing very little (almost no) damage to other tissues. Radionuclide therapy, therefore, is a highly targeted treatment. However, pregnant women should not use this treatment option because these missiles can also cross the placenta and attack the thyroid tissue of the fetus, resulting in fetal hypothyroidism.