The ovaries are important female reproductive organs located in the female pelvis. They are a pair of flat, oval-shaped gonads located bilaterally in the uterus, connected to the uterine horns by the intrinsic ligament, and have bilateral fallopian tubes overlying them. The function of the ovaries is to produce and discharge eggs and to secrete estrogen and progesterone, and they are the most important sex organs. The ovaries gradually increase in size and begin to function as the female organs begin to mature around the age of a teenager. The ovaries are about 4*3*1 cm in size, weigh about 5-6 g and are grayish white in color. Its function reaches its peak at the age of childbearing, and then declines at the age of 35. After the age of 40, the decline accelerates and gradually atrophies, until the complete loss of reproductive and secretory functions, which is called menopause. The average age of menopause in Chinese women is 50 years. After menopause, the ovaries do not function. The reproductive function of the ovaries: producing eggs and ovulating is one of the main functions of the ovaries. During the reproductive period, the ovaries develop 3-11 follicles per month, of which only one dominant follicle usually reaches full maturity and expels an egg, alternating between left and right, after recruitment and selection. The egg is caught by the umbilical end of the fallopian tube, meets the sperm through sexual intercourse and unites to form a fertilized egg. The fertilized egg divides and proliferates further and gradually moves towards the uterine cavity with the help of the fallopian tube cilia and settles on the endometrium, a process that usually takes about 2 weeks. Endocrine function: The secretion of estrogen and progesterone is another major function of the ovaries. In the early stages of pregnancy (before about 10 weeks of gestation), estrogen and progesterone needed to maintain pregnancy are mainly produced by the ovaries. Menstruation is the periodic shedding and bleeding of the endometrium that accompanies the ovarian cycle; under the action of estrogen, the endometrium becomes engorged with blood and the glands proliferate; under the action of progesterone, the endometrium and glands continue to proliferate; when estrogen and progesterone withdraw simultaneously, the proliferated endometrium and glands disintegrate and shed from the basal layer and flow out through the vagina, forming menstruation. Since there is one ovary on each side, if one ovary is removed, the other side can often compensate for it. If both ovaries are removed, women lose their reproductive function and the endocrine function of female hormones, and the decline of estrogen in the body leads to menopausal reactions, with a series of menopausal reactions such as menopause, hot flashes, sweating, insomnia and mood swings.