A. The importance of breastfeeding during the change of breast – the importance of adding complementary foods
Breastfeeding is the period of growth and development when infants are fed mainly with liquid and transition to solid food. The period of breastfeeding starts from 4 to 6 months and ends at 1 to 2 years of age when the conversion of food traits is completed. During this period, milk is still the main source of energy supply, and pureed food is the transition vehicle that must be added.
There are both physiological and psychological reasons for the importance of breastfeeding. Of course, there are also from the consideration of promoting the early development of children, specifically from six aspects of analysis.
1, give full play to the growth potential
The child’s growth potential depends on the adequate supply of food at different ages, and the expression of these potentials have their own time-dependent effect; miss the time limit, the repressed potential can no longer be fully expressed.
Exclusive breastfeeding for the first 4-6 months after birth; timely provision of appropriate pureed foods during the breastfeeding period; and a balanced diet during the solid food feeding period are all fundamental guarantees for the development of potential in each period.
2.Supplementation of nutrient deficiency
After the age of six months, breast milk contains calories, proteins and other nutrients, can not meet the needs of the child’s growth and development, therefore, must be supplemented in a timely manner. Take iron as an example, even if the daily breast milk amount reaches 1000ml, it can only provide 1/8 of the standard iron supply and can only be supplemented by adding liver puree, meat puree, etc.
Malnutrition in infants often has a serious impact on brain development and intelligence. If you miss the critical age of brain development before 3 years old, providing good nutrition will not help, because the lag of brain development during the critical period cannot be compensated afterwards. Malnutrition will also lead to low immunity, repeated infections, children’s poor spirit, poor appetite, so that more and more aggravated malnutrition, so repeated vicious cycle, and ultimately will affect the growth and development of children.
3, exercise the digestive and absorption capacity of the gastrointestinal tract
The baby’s digestive system is not mature at birth and can only adapt to dairy foods. With the increase in age, the stomach capacity gradually expands, digestion and absorption functions continue to improve, the enzyme activity continues to activate, the child has the basic conditions to be able to accept pureed food. It is important to emphasize that all the functions of the digestive system need to be exercised by food. For example, chewing function is closely related to the size and softness of food particles from 7 to 9 months, only eat soft food children, not only poor dental growth, later language skills will be affected.
4, the key age to learn to eat
4 to 6 months is the key age for children to learn to eat, miss this period to learn to eat will become very difficult. The so-called critical age (critical period, sensitive period), refers to a period of time that is quite clearly delineated. During this time, in order to produce a special action or behavior, a special stimulus must be given. After such a critical period, it becomes less easy to learn that particular behavior.
The critical age refers to the best time to give the stimulus. For example, 4-6 months to learn to swallow; 7-9 months to learn to chew, are specific applications of the concept of the critical period for learning to eat.
5, the need for intellectual enlightenment
Childhood development research shows that early education is a perceptual education in life, should be through the eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body of the visual, auditory, olfactory, taste, tactile stimulation of the rich, to achieve the purpose of enlightenment of multiple intelligence. The process of learning to eat can meet all of these.
Food color, aroma, taste, shape, through the child’s sensory perception and the corresponding action, the process of eating and care of human emotions, language communication and so on integrated together, to achieve the purpose of development, enlightenment.
6.Children’s psychology during the period of breastfeeding
The period of breastfeeding ends with the complete weaning from breast milk, which is an important turning point for the child towards independence.
Breast milk is an important intermediary between the mother and the baby, but the child cannot live on it forever. The process of weaning from breast milk gradually reduces the child’s psychological dependence on the mother, and is also the beginning of spiritual weaning.
The process of learning to eat, the child builds self-confidence by eating on his own, and also helps him to become self-reliant in society later.
In short, the importance of breastfeeding is to pay attention to lay a good foundation for the child’s lifelong health from an early age, another aspect that should not be ignored is the act of feeding.
Second, how to choose the right time for your child to enter the breastfeeding period – when to start adding complementary foods
To determine whether a child has entered the breastfeeding period requires some comprehensive indicators.
(1) The child’s physical development has reached the following conditions: more than 4 months; weight > 7kg; can sit; have the ability to digest food other than milk.
(2) Interest in adult food, eyes following and sometimes making chewing movements. This is an important sign.
(3) The child has learned to drink water, milk and pureed food with a spoon. Knowing how to eat with a small spoon is a key part of the transition to breastfeeding, so it is important to train in advance.
(4) The child should be able to swallow at the beginning of the change-in period. That is, swallow the food you deliver to your child’s mouth instead of using the tip of your tongue to push it out. If you can’t, you can wait a few days and try again.
(5) Feeding should be regular, with nursing intervals of up to about 4 hours and about 5 times a day.
Principles of adding complementary foods
The general principle of adding pureed food is gradual. Specific principles can be divided into the following.
1, from one to many. A new food generally takes 7 to 10 days to adapt. Must be on a case-by-case basis, calm and patient to try, do not easily give up. Each try to feed new food after close attention to digestion, such as vomiting, diarrhea, urticaria, etc., should be suspended feeding, after some time to try from a very small amount. If there are no such manifestations, a second food can be added after 3 to 5 days. Generally start with the least allergic rice flour.
2.From small amount to moderate amount. For example, try feeding egg yolk from 1/4, gradually increase to 1/3~1/2 in 3~5 days, and then increase to 1 in 1-2 weeks. Babies gradually adapt to not occur vomiting, diarrhea, refusal to eat and other reactions.
3. From thin to thick. Such as rice, from rice soup to thin porridge, to thick porridge, and then to soft rice.
4, from fine to coarse. Such as feeding vegetables, from vegetable soup feeding, to fine vegetable puree, coarse vegetable puree to cooked chopped vegetables, shredded vegetables, vegetable pieces, to larger children and adults to eat the whole vegetable. Even if infants have a few milk teeth, chewing ability is still poor, so the food containing coarse fiber and bite not broken food must be chopped, boiled and crushed to feed infants.
5, less salt not sweet, avoid greasy. Infant kidney function is not yet perfect, to the infant under 8 months of age to add salt to the food, will certainly increase the burden on the kidneys. Children’s “heavy mouth” will also increase the prevalence of hypertension, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in children as adults. Angels can cause obesity. Greasy is not conducive to digestion.
6. It is best to try new foods when the baby is healthy and not sick.
7, infants have great individual differences in the adaptation and preference for food, the specific situation varies from person to person, you can let infants choose to participate in order to enhance the child’s interest in eating and initiative, it is not appropriate to passively feed or force the child.
8, infants 4 to 6 months of age is the introduction of food “critical window” not earlier than April, not later than August.
Fourth, the method of adding complementary foods, the order and preparation
In addition to the main food (breast milk and cow’s milk and other dairy products) supplemental food can be divided into four categories: 1) supplemental starchy foods: such as rice, flour and other grains, mainly to supplement energy. After growing older, gradually change to the main food; 2) supplemental protein: animal protein such as fish, meat, milk, liver, blood and soybean products for high quality protein; 3) supplemental vitamins and minerals: vegetables and fruits; 4) supplemental energy: oil and sugar, oil to vegetable oil is good.
1, vitamin AD preparations
Whether breast-fed or artificially fed infants, from 2 to 3 weeks after birth must be 10µg (400 units) daily preventive dose, can be taken continuously for 2 to 3 years. If infants are fed formula milk, which is mostly fortified with vitamins A and D, their dose can be reduced at your discretion. It is even more necessary for premature babies, twins, babies born in winter and spring, and in northern areas where sunlight exposure is extremely poor. The total daily intake of vitamin D for infants, including from various vitamin D fortified foods, should be noted to avoid excessive doses to prevent poisoning. Most of the vitamin AD preparations are now sealed in softgels and opened before feeding, so that the activity can be maintained for a longer period of time. Sunshine season should be more sunshine, so that the infant’s skin 7-dehydrocholesterol to get ultraviolet radiation, homemade vitamin D, to avoid rickets.
2.Juice and vegetable water
Vitamin C can not be stored in large quantities in the body, if not continuously supplied, prone to deficiency. Milk and its products, except formula milk has been fortified, contains very little vitamin C. Although the content of breast milk is high, depending on the intake of the mother, it is also easy to be insufficient. Therefore, infants need to add fruit juice and vegetable water from the first month of life. Squeeze fresh citrus juice, tomato juice, hawthorn juice, etc. and green and yellow vegetable water rich in vitamin C and minerals, can be fed. 1 to 2 times a day, each time from 10 ml (about 1 tablespoon), gradually increased to 30-60m1, 6-7 months later can be increased to 120-150 ml. start feeding can be slightly diluted with warm water, to be used to feed the original juice. Juice making method: wash fresh fruit to remove the skin and nucleus, or skinless fruit after cleaning and sterilization, use the squeezer or crush pulp to break the pulp and squeeze the juice to remove the dregs, place the juice in the bottle to feed or feed with a small spoon, drink with a cup. Method of making vegetable water: take washed young vegetable leaves, pick off a bowl full of rice, put into a small pot of boiling water, cover rolled to 5 minutes, with a spoon slightly squeezed vegetable leaves out of the juice mixed with the soup, dregs that is, vegetable water, can be fed to infants.
3, cereal or starch food
After 3 months of age, salivary glands gradually developed completely, saliva volume increased significantly, rich in amylase, so full 4 months of age can eat food such as rice paste or batter, even if the amount of milk is sufficient, still should add starch food to supplement energy, and train infants to use the spoon to eat semi-solid food. For the first time, make nutritious rice flour into a paste, start thinly and gradually thicken, feed one teaspoon (about 5m1) or one tablespoon (10m1) at first, gradually increase to 3-4 tablespoons, eat rice flour twice a day, about 20-25g. from 5 to 6 months, when the milk teeth are gradually erupting, change to rotten porridge or rotten noodles. Generally, rice products are fed first, because they are less likely to cause allergies than wheat products (flour). When they are about 1 year old, they can eat thick porridge and rice.
From 6 to 7 months, infants can try eating dried buns, slices of toasted bread or crunchy cookies, which can promote the eruption of milk teeth, and train infants to use their hands to grasp self-feeding and learn to chew and swallow solid foods. Rice and noodles should not be branned too much, polished too fine, the loss of vitamin B, affecting the nutritional value. From time to time, millet flour or soybean flour may be added to rice and noodle products for older infants to increase the vitamin, mineral and protein content.
Before 6 months of age, small infants are fed mainly with milk, and a small amount of rice paste can be added after breastfeeding, in order not to affect the amount of breast milk as the standard, while after 6 months of age, cereal supplements can replace 1 to 2 times of milk. At this time, infant food has gradually diversified, such as eggs, milk, fish, liver, vegetables and other foods can be added to the porridge, noodles, to ensure sufficient energy, protein, vitamins and minerals.
4, plants and animals rich in protein and iron and zinc and other foods
Full-term newborns have a large amount of iron stored in the liver, to 5-6 months gradually exhausted, must be given iron-rich foods from 4 months. Animal blood, egg yolk and fish can provide iron and zinc and other trace elements. Animal blood contains more iron and is heme iron, which is easily digested and absorbed. Chicken and duck blood or pig, cow and sheep blood can be steamed and chopped into porridge and noodles, or individually shredded and cooked into soup with rice flour, porridge and noodles. Poultry egg yolk contains iron and vitamins A, D, B and E, as well as lecithin, all of which are very important nutrients for infants, although the yolk contains more phosphorus, which can prevent iron absorption, but it can still be used as a source of iron. At first, boil the whole egg, take out the yolk and grind it into a fine powder to feed 1/4 of it, first feed it alone, if there is no adverse reaction, it can be mixed with porridge and noodles, and gradually increase to 1. Although fish does not contain much iron, the absorption rate is high, and can supply high-quality protein and minerals, iron, zinc, etc., so it is a good supplementary food for small infants, and the fish is tender and easy for infants to eat, is conducive to digestion, can be used earlier.
At 7 to 8 months of age, infants can be gradually fed whole eggs (steamed egg custard), fish, chicken and duck meat, liver puree (chicken and duck liver is more tender than pig liver and easy to digest), tofu, river beans or mung bean puree, etc. Breastfed children should also try milk powder or cow’s milk to supplement the lack of protein. Some infants may be allergic to egg whites or other animal proteins, which is rare but should be prevented, so generally try egg yolks first compared to egg whites. After eating up to one egg yolk, you can add a small amount of egg whites for trial feeding and gradually increase to the right amount. Liver is very rich in nutrients, especially iron and vitamin A and B content than the general animal protein. Poultry liver or pig liver washed and cooked, cut and pounded into a puree, chicken and duck meat or pork and beef cut into fine minced meat is rich in nutrients, can be fed from 7 to 8 months of age, from a small amount to the right amount (about 1 to 1,5 tablespoons), can be mixed into the porridge noodles to eat. For breastfeeding children to prepare for weaning, you can try to feed milk powder or cow’s milk 1 to 2 times a day at 8 to 9 months, gradually increasing the amount, so that infants get used to drinking milk powder or cow’s milk, available cups to feed without bottles.
5, vegetables and fruits
All kinds of vegetables and fruits are rich in vitamins, minerals and dietary fiber, all of which are nutrients that infants need. Small babies can be fed with fruit juice and vegetable water. After 4 months, you can add vegetable puree, from fine to coarse, you can take colored (green, red, yellow) vegetables, such as bok choy, spinach, foraged vegetables, carrots tomatoes, pumpkin, potatoes, etc. washed, peeled and chopped, boiled in boiling water for 3 to 5 minutes to remove, mash with a spoon into a fine puree. At first, take 1/2 teaspoon per day and gradually increase to 1 to 2 tablespoons per day. First fed alone, later can be added to rice paste, porridge or noodles with food, after getting used to several vegetables can also be made into mixed vegetable puree. When the baby’s teeth have come out, 8 to 9 months later, you can feed coarse vegetable puree or chopped vegetables. It is normal for infants to see vegetable residue in their stools, so they can continue to be fed. 4 to 5 months later, fruit juice can be transformed into puree. Peel bananas and mash them with a spoon, cut apples and scrape apple flesh with a spoon on the cut side into puree, etc. Try 1/2 teaspoon for the first time and gradually increase to half to one fruit per day. Fruits and vegetables have different nutrients and do not work exactly the same, so they cannot be substituted for each other and should be eaten in sufficient amounts.
6.Vegetable oil, salt and sugar
Oil, sugar mainly supply energy, generally use vegetable oils such as soybean oil, peanut oil, sesame oil and other better, because easy to digest and rich in a variety of unsaturated fatty acids, there are vitamin A, E and other fat-soluble vitamins, and cooking with oil can increase the flavor of food. For infants who eat less and thinner can be mixed with cooked vegetable oil in porridge and vegetable puree, or vegetables fried in oil to increase energy intake. Add 1g each time for the first time, after getting used to it, it can be increased to 5g~10g per day. adding sugar can also be flavored in addition to increasing energy, such as adding 5%~8% sugar in fresh milk. The amount of sugar in cow’s milk can be gradually decreased after the infant ingests starchy complementary foods. Generally children should not eat too sweet diet to avoid developing too strong taste and obese children. Sweet food is also easy to cause tooth decay, so you should drink water immediately after eating dessert to flush the residual sugar in teeth. When preparing the diet, it is generally not advisable to put too much salt or add MSG, and the food for infants should be light, and adults often do not feel the saltiness. Salt not only increases the burden on the kidneys, too much salt intake from an early age, is not good for health, prone to hypertension in the future. In addition, should not eat irritating seasonings such as coloring, saccharin, etc. and preserved foods.
Practical Pediatrics
How to add complementary foods.
The first step is to determine whether the child has entered the breastfeeding stage. 5-6 months is the early stage, when swallowing is the mainstay, and one meal is added daily. 7-9 months is the middle stage, when tongue grinding and dental chewing are the mainstays, and two meals are added daily. 10-12 months is the late stage, when softer solid foods are started, and three meals are added daily.
The order of adding food at different ages
Age
Foods that can be added
5~6 months
Milk, rice flour, porridge, egg yolk puree, vegetable puree, fish puree, soy milk, fruit puree
7~9 months
Milk, rice flour, porridge, noodles, egg custard, minced vegetables, liver puree, minced meat, tofu, sliced bread, sliced buns, sliced fruit
10~12 months
Dairy, soft rice, chopped vegetables, small pieces of meat, whole eggs, soy products, steamed buns, buns, dumplings, wontons, fruits
1 year old and above
Dairy, softer and smaller pieces of rice
Precautions.
Try to eat homemade, fresh, supplemental foods prepared specifically for your child.
Market-bought complementary foods should pay special attention to whether they meet the child’s added age.
Three no products, royal jelly, protein powder, health products and drugs should be considered as “not suitable for children” food. Individual children with indications should be applied under the guidance of a doctor. Add complementary foods regularly on a daily basis by eating smaller and more frequent meals.
Exclusively breastfed infants do not need to be introduced to a spoon before adding pureed foods.
Juice and vegetable juice are added from 2 or 3 months of age for artificially fed infants. This allows the child to learn to eat with a small spoon and to taste foods other than breast milk in advance, which enriches the senses and facilitates the addition of pureed foods later.
Juice consumption: 10ml on the first day, 20ml on the second day, and 30ml on the third day; observe that the child has no abnormalities before continuing to increase the amount, up to 50ml a day. It should be fed 1~2 hours after breastfeeding, so that the interval between the next breastfeeding is more than 1 hour, so as not to affect the amount of breastfeeding. After bathing, after sunbathing and after exercise, children are easily thirsty, which is also a good opportunity for juice and vegetable juice.
Vegetable juice should be consumed in the same way as juice also starting from one kind and fed with a small spoon. After trying to add 10ml, 20ml and 30ml for the first 3 days, it can be consumed routinely after observing no abnormal performance of the child. For children who do not like the taste of vegetable juice, parents should not force to feed them. You can try to feed a small amount several times, or you can try again in a few days. Really do not adapt to the juice can also be fed for a period of time before.
Five, cultivate good eating habits
Children from an early age should cultivate the habit of eating at regular intervals and in a quantitative manner to form a good eating routine. Create a quiet and warm eating environment, create a relaxed and happy eating atmosphere. Do not scold your child during meals and do not force him/her to eat. Pay attention to the development of your child’s self-eating skills, let your child participate in the eating process, and actively encourage your child to eat on his or her own, learning to eat on his or her own is an important step in developing independence. Also pay attention to dietary hygiene and dining etiquette training.
Six, infant feeding of the five “feed”
Complementary food is added to every infant must go through the dietary process. Different months of age infant feeding has its own characteristics. The main mastery of the five feeding problems.
1, to solve the problem of what to feed
This is the most important and basic of the correct complementary feeding. Because the early feeding of inappropriate food is not good for the health of the child. So it is necessary to master the correct order of adding complementary foods.
First of all, iron-fortified rice flour is the first solid food that infants eat and can eat until 1 year old. You can use breast milk, formula or warm water to mix the rice flour, or you can use it after learning to eat apple juice, because vitamin C can help iron absorption. Then feed it to the baby with a spoon (note: not with a bottle). Start with 1 spoonful at a time and slowly increase to 3~4 spoonfuls, 1~2 times a day, at first like thick broth-like, gradually increasing the consistency.
Secondly, after the child learns to eat rice flour with a spoon, you can add vegetable puree, such as carrot puree, green vegetable puree, pumpkin puree.
Third, after learning to eat 3~4 vegetables, add fruit juice. At first, juice should be mixed with water 2:1, later 1:1, and finally you can drink the original juice or eat puree. It is important to remember that vegetables should be added first, followed by fruit, because after tasting the sweetness of fruit first, infants may refuse vegetables. There should be a 4- to 5-day interval between each addition of a new solid food. The time to accept new foods varies from infant to infant, with short ones taking as little as 1~2 days and long ones taking 5~7 days. Therefore, it is important to be patient and let the baby become familiar with the feel of the spoon and have multiple exposures to new foods so that the baby can learn how to eat and adapt to the new taste.
Fourth, after learning to eat rice flour, vegetables and fruits, by 5 months of age you can add hard-boiled egg yolks, first a quarter, then a third, one-half to one yolk, do not eat two yolks a day. Generally, eggs are good, but it is not necessary to use pigeon eggs or quail eggs. The dark-colored part of the outside of the egg yolk is mucin, easy to cause allergies, avoid giving children to eat; finally, you can try to eat animal foods. Fish puree is the first to be offered, followed by chicken mince, duck mince, pork mince, etc. In the phase of trying to eat, attention should be paid to continuously expanding the variety of vegetables and fruits. Animal liver should be placed in the 7th month, not too early. When it is determined that the infant has the ability to accept added paste food, the variety can be gradually expanded, such as adding mashed bananas, mashed apples, mashed carrots, tofu paste, mashed egg yolk, vegetable rice paste, fish rice paste, egg yolk rice paste, milk porridge, fruit root powder, etc. At this time, small spoon feeding should be applied.
2.Choose a suitable feeder
Currently is often the appropriate feeder, followed by grandmother or grandmother, because they have some experience in feeding, but also to learn the relevant expertise. Nannies need to go through the training of baby-sitting teachers before they can be competent. Feeding people to master the “how to feed” the four basic principles, the good implementation of humane feeding methods.
3, pay attention to the appropriate place to feed
Children eating complementary food in the family to have a fixed location, and special tableware. Feeding babies to create a good feeding environment. Feeding environment for food intake has a catalytic effect. For infants and toddlers who do not eat habits, the environment should have a different arrangement, the diet is normal infants and toddlers, the environment should be attractive arrangement when you get up; and for infants and toddlers who refuse to eat various things, the feeding environment should be chosen without visual and auditory interference. Infants and toddlers should have a fixed location, table and chairs and tableware, such as an infant eating in a high chair every day, he will eat with a high chair.
4, master the time of complementary feeding
The time of complementary feeding is usually arranged between two feedings, 2~3 times a day is appropriate. Try to eat the stage also pay attention to certain foods may make the child allergic. Food allergies often manifest as rashes, vomiting, diarrhea, etc. Parents should record the foods identified as allergies to avoid eating them again.
Seven, the order of adding complementary foods
In order to make readers understand the order of adding complementary foods at a glance, the following is introduced according to the different months of age.
The order of adding complementary foods at different ages
Age
Add supplementary food
Phasing
0~4
Artificial feeding or mixed feeding can drink a small amount of water
Pure milk period
4 months
Pure rice flour (with iron), vegetable puree (carrot, pea, green vegetable), fruit juice puree (orange, apple, banana)
Trying to eat stage
5 months
Egg yolk, fish puree, chicken mince, duck mince, pork mince
6 months
Simple mixes, egg yolk and rice flour, carrot and rice flour, mashed vegetables and porridge
Learning to chew and swallow
7~8
Animal liver, steamed blood, finger foods (cookies, bread slices), high quality vegetable porridge or noodles (vegetable oil), chopped vegetables can be added
8~12 months before 2 years old
Chicken porridge, minced meat porridge, steamed whole egg custard (10 months old), crab and shrimp puree, high-quality vegetable porridge or noodles as a regular meal, various dishes and soft rice
Gradually establish 3 meals and 3 points of eating pattern, the transition stage to family table food
2~3 years old
Minced shrimp and cauliflower, steamed meat and tofu, soy products, fish, minced meat, noodles, soft rice, dumplings, wontons, cupcakes, oatmeal porridge
Providing balanced meals for families
In order to provide readers with a clear understanding of the order of adding complementary foods, the following is presented according to the different ages of the month.
The order of adding supplementary foods at different ages
Age
Adding supplementary food
Phasing
0~4
Artificial feeding or mixed feeding can drink a small amount of water
Pure milk period
4 months
Pure rice flour (with iron), vegetable puree (carrot, pea, green vegetable), fruit juice puree (orange, apple, banana)
Trying to eat stage
5 months
Egg yolk, fish puree, chicken mince, duck mince, pork mince
6 months
Simple mixes, egg yolk and rice flour, carrot and rice flour, mashed vegetables and porridge
Learning to chew and swallow
7~8
Animal liver, steamed blood, finger foods (cookies, bread slices), high quality vegetable porridge or noodles (vegetable oil), chopped vegetables can be added
8~12 months before 2 years old
Chicken porridge, minced meat porridge, steamed whole egg custard (10 months old), crab and shrimp puree, high-quality vegetable porridge or noodles as a regular meal, various dishes and soft rice
Gradually establish 3 meals and 3 points of eating pattern, the transition stage to family table food
2~3 years old
Minced shrimp and cauliflower, steamed meat and tofu, soy products, fish, minced meat, noodles, soft rice, dumplings, wontons, cupcakes, oatmeal porridge
Provide a balanced family meal
Eight, the disadvantages of adding complementary foods too early and too late
The disadvantages of adding complementary foods too early and too late
The current recommended age for adding pureed foods is 4-6 months, and should not be later than 7-8 months.
Adding complementary foods too early has the following harmful effects.
(1) The gastrointestinal tract of small infants is not yet mature, and many digestive enzymes are insufficient, so it is difficult to digest different kinds of food before 4-6 months of age.
(2) Adding complementary foods too early can easily cause allergies, especially in children with a family history of allergies.
(3) Before 4~6 months of age, the intestinal tract is permeable and the barrier is poor, allowing many uncomfortable and human proteins to enter the bloodstream. after 6~7 months, the mature intestine can secrete immunoglobulin IgA and the intestine forms a protective film that prevents the passage of allergens.
(4) Most infants do not have a coordinated tongue and swallowing action until 4 months of age, and the tongue reflexively pushes solid food outward to the top, so do not give your child solid food too early.
(5) Some studies have shown that adding solid foods too early can affect the absorption of iron in breast milk.
(6) It can cause obesity and high blood sodium in infants.
Adding complementary foods too late has the following disadvantages.
(1) Within 1 year is a critical period for children to easily accept the conversion of things. Especially around 6 months of age, children are generally receptive to new taste experiences. Missing this time, feeding new foods is quite difficult, and when they grow up, they are also prone to partiality and picky eating.
(2) 7~8 months is the critical period for learning to chew. If the child is still accustomed to liquid food after 1 year, he/she will refuse to learn to chew and will mostly swallow food.
(3) Children with severe allergies can add complementary foods a little later, but preferably not later than 7~8 months, and can add foods that do not easily cause allergies, such as rice flour, porridge and apple juice.
When to add salt to baby food
X. How to give children water
XI. Education of eating
XII. What is anorexia nervosa
XIII. What are the diagnostic criteria of anorexia nervosa?
Fourteen, the common causes of anorexia
XV. Incorrect feeding methods that affect appetite in infancy
How to determine whether the baby is full or not
XVII. Incorrect feeding methods that affect appetite in early childhood
Eighteen, the reasons why children refuse to breastfeed