There are six major classes of antihypertensive drugs recommended by the World Health Organization: diuretics, calcium antagonists (CCB), β-blockers, α1-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), and angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARB). 1, diuretics: often used alone for anti-mild hypertension, but also in combination with other drugs for the treatment of moderate and severe hypertension, especially for patients with heart failure, swelling. Representative drugs are hydrochlorothiazide, indapamide. Long-term use of such drugs is likely to cause reduced glucose tolerance, increased blood sugar, hyperuricemia and other metabolic disorders and increased blood cholesterol and triglycerides, reduced high-density lipoprotein and decreased libido and other complications, so generally under the guidance of doctors intermittent use. 2, beta-blockers: widely used in patients with mild to moderate hypertension, especially for young hypertensive patients and treatment of exertional angina, but not for patients with cardiac insufficiency, bronchial asthma, diabetes (because it can reduce insulin secretion, interference with glucose metabolism). It can be used in patients with rapid arrhythmias and in patients with heart failure after heart attack. If the patient has conduction block, then it is not available. There is also chronic obstructive pulmonary heart disease. The representative drugs are ponerol, metoprolol, atenolol, bisoprolol, labetalol, carvedilol. 3, angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitors: for primary, renal hypertension has a very good effect, can improve sugar and lipid metabolism, prevention and control of cardiac insufficiency, reverse ventricular hypertrophy, commonly used with ventricular hypertrophy, heart failure, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, elderly moderate, severe hypertension. However, it is not suitable for patients with hypertension such as renal insufficiency, renal artery stenosis and pregnancy. Representative drugs include captopril, enalapril, perindopril, benazepril, etc. 4, calcium antagonists: suitable for all types of hypertension, especially for patients with severe hypertension with coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, cerebrovascular accident, renal lesions. Mainly used for elderly hypertension, peripheral vascular disease of simple systolic hypertension, with coronary artery spasm. Representative drugs are nifedipine, amlodipine, felodipine, lacidipine, nidulodipine, etc. 5, sympathetic nerve inhibitors: Colistin, reserpine (hypotensive), methyldopa, prazosin, etc.. These drugs can dilate blood vessels, reduce the burden on the heart, and can treat chronic cardiac insufficiency, reduce blood cholesterol and triglycerides, and increase the high-density lipoprotein good effect, most suitable for hypertensive patients with hyperlipidemia, prostate service large, cardiac insufficiency. To avoid the first dose effect and postural hypotension, it is advisable to start with a small dose and then increase the dosage. Pay attention to postural hypotension. 6, the role of drugs in vascular smooth muscle: hydrazidiazide, minoxidil, diazoxide, sodium nitroprusside, etc. 7, angiotensin II receptor blockers have good antihypertensive effect and low side effects: commonly used losartan, valsartan, etc. Although there are more types of hypertension treatment drugs and constantly updated, but the effect of hypertension control is still unsatisfactory. 1997, the United States on the prevention, detection, evaluation and treatment of hypertension, the sixth report of the Joint National Committee showed that only 27.4% of the patients treated for hypertension of the patients treated had their blood pressure under control. In addition, these drugs have short duration of action (no more than 24 h), high toxic side effects (hyperkalemia, hypotension, cough and irreversible kidney damage), and require lifelong administration. Since traditional hypertension treatment drugs cannot prevent the occurrence of hypertension and reduce the incidence of hypertension, it is urgent and necessary to conduct research on new methods of hypertension prevention and treatment. The completion of the Human Genome Project and the implementation of the Post-Genome Project have provided new ideas for the treatment of hypertension. Studies have shown that hypertension is a polygenic hereditary disease with a tendency of family aggregation, which is the result of abnormal structure and expression of some genes, so the research of hypertension gene therapy is the hot spot of hypertension treatment research at present. A large number of experimental data fully demonstrate that gene therapy can not only lower blood pressure consistently and steadily, but also may fundamentally control the occurrence of hypertension and control the family genetic tendency of hypertension, which is beyond the power of all current hypertension treatment drugs. The promising results achieved in animal studies suggest that clinical studies of gene therapy for hypertension are not far away.