Hypertension and kidney disease are quite close, and hypertension can cause a series of kidney damage. Long-term hypertension can lead to nephrosclerosis, the early onset and severity of which are related to the course of hypertension, its severity and the effectiveness of treatment. In mild and moderate essential hypertension, there are no obvious structural and functional changes in the kidney for a long period of time early in the course of the disease, and it usually takes 5 to 10 years for mild to moderate renal arteriosclerosis to appear, followed by involvement of the renal units. In general, patients with mild to moderate hypertension cause less kidney damage and rarely develop renal insufficiency, but patients with malignant hypertension are associated with varying degrees of kidney damage, which can rapidly progress to renal failure if not treated early and effectively. According to statistics, 20% of hypertensive patients will have different degrees of kidney injury. Therefore, there are many causal and collateral relationships between hypertension and kidney disease. Patients with hypertension should have their kidney function checked regularly, and patients with kidney disease should also pay attention to the changes in blood pressure from time to time.