The main risk factors for cardiovascular disease in China include 10 types: age, gender, genetic history, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity and mental stress. In addition to the first three unchangeable factors, good self-care awareness can reduce the impact of other risk factors on cardiovascular disease. Self-care of cardiovascular disease includes general disease awareness, mental health care and healthy exercise. General awareness of diseases should be aware of the cardiovascular risks of hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes. Patients with hypertension may have an increased risk of “stroke” or heart attack if their blood pressure remains high or is poorly controlled. If the blood pressure is not well controlled for a long time, there is a risk of systemic atherosclerosis. The relative risk of coronary heart disease is 1.35, 2.43 and 2.76 for the three states of total cholesterol level 200mg/dl, respectively, which can significantly reduce the degree of atherosclerosis, improve the elasticity of blood vessels and make hypertension easy to control if active lipid-lowering treatment is taken. There is a gradual increase in diabetes, and about 70% of diabetic patients die from cardiovascular complications, which should be given sufficient attention. Continuous elevation of blood glucose will cause glycation of all proteins in the body, leading to an increase in free radicals that damage the molecular structure of cells and make the endothelial cells of blood vessels function abnormally, which can easily lead to vascular embolism. Cardiovascular disease is a chronic disease with a long course, and a variety of complications can occur, which can have different degrees of impact on the quality of life, so we should be adequately prepared for this. Mental health care includes developing orderly living habits, sincere and honest work style and harmonious and tolerant interpersonal relationships, avoiding anxiety, tension, suspicion, fear, anger and pessimism. Proper arrangement of daily life, avoiding excessive mental tension, ensuring sufficient sleep and rest time, and combining work and rest are conducive to nerve and blood circulation functions, and enhancing determination and confidence in fighting against the disease. At present, it is believed that a moderate amount of physical activity has a protective effect on cardiovascular, but exercise should be taken in a gradual manner. If you are too hasty, beyond your ability to adapt, it may increase the burden on the heart. The size of the exercise is based on the principle that no subjective symptoms (such as palpitations, dyspnea or angina) occur. The type of exercise should emphasize breathing exercises, such as brisk walking, jogging, swimming, cycling and tennis. In the 1970s and 1980s, the United States and Europe began many community trials to prevent cardiovascular disease risk factors and reduce cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality, targeting community residents to adopt appropriate dietary structure, change poor lifestyle and other measures, and achieved good results. We should learn from their experience and pay attention to community medical preventive care as a supplement and extension of hospital work, effective disease surveillance and appropriate preventive treatment, psychological counseling and medical science propaganda, which are conducive to reducing the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases.