Ventilator-associated pneumonia is a type of pneumonia that is closely associated with the use of ventilators, specifically, infectious inflammation of the lungs that occurs after 48 hours of ventilator therapy and within 48 hours of extubation, and is a type of hospital-acquired pneumonia. Ventilator-associated pneumonia most commonly presents with gram-negative bacteria such as Klebsiella pneumoniae or Escherichia coli, and can also present with Acinetobacter baumannii. Because patients are often in a state of low body resistance, aggressive anti-infective therapy is often required, such as the use of carbapenem antibiotics, including drugs such as Biapenem, Meropenem, and Imipenem.