1.What are the risk factors for coronary heart disease? (1) non-intervention: age, gender, family history; (2) can intervene: hypertension, smoking, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, abdominal obesity, lack of exercise, low intake of vegetables and fruits, stress and anxiety, heavy alcohol consumption 2, how to carry out primary prevention of coronary heart disease Primary prevention refers to the prevention of people who do not have clear coronary heart disease, their susceptibility to coronary heart disease factors to avoid the occurrence of atherosclerosis. The main measures for primary prevention of coronary heart disease are: a. Non-pharmacological treatment: 1. Lifestyle changes: reasonable diet, moderate exercise, smoking cessation and alcohol restriction, psychological balance. People of all nationalities around the world are called upon to declare war on poor lifestyles and behaviors, and to establish a reasonable lifestyle. Lifestyle interventions can reduce the risk of stroke by 55% in women and coronary heart disease by 27% in men, and Professor Hu Dayi proposed “no smoking, control your mouth and open your legs”. 2.Rational diet: (1) Low cholesterol diet. Especially the intake of soluble fiber can significantly reduce cholesterol, such as oats, fruits, vegetables, etc. (2) low-fat diet with restricted caloric energy. Because high-calorie diet can make people obese, especially central obesity, overweight patients increased incidence of coronary heart disease. (3) Limit sodium intake is very important for the prevention of hypertension. (4) Eat foods rich in antioxidants. Epidemiological studies have shown that the risk of coronary heart disease is negatively correlated with vitamin E and beta carotene intake. These foods, such as vegetables, are a major source of antioxidants in the diet and include: olive oil, tomatoes, carrots and other vegetables, as well as whole grains, onions and tea, which are beneficial. (5) Adequate dietary intake of other nutrients, such as vitamin B6, vitamin B12 and folic acid. When the intake of the above nutrients is insufficient, it can increase the plasma homocysteine level and promote atherosclerosis. Reasonable diet with low fat, low calorie, daily ration of fruits and vegetables dietary standards can be used as a basic measure to prevent coronary heart disease. 3, quit smoking There are more than 4000 chemical components in tobacco, mainly nicotine, which can directly damage the intima of blood vessels and promote coronary artery atherosclerosis. Smoking causes coronary artery spasm, causing angina pectoris, and smoking reduces the oxygen-carrying function of hemoglobin, causing myocardial hypoxia. Long-term smoking increases platelet aggregation and promotes thrombosis, which can lead to myocardial infarction. Smoking is the strongest predictor of risk worldwide, and the INTERHEART study showed that smoking 1-5 cigarettes per day increased the risk of developing AM I by 40%, offsetting 20% of the benefits of aspirin therapy and eliminating 75% of the effective benefits of taking statin lipid-lowering therapy. Studies also show that reducing smoking by half in any population can reduce the risk of developing AM I by half. 4, adhere to regular physical activity lack of physical activity (exercise) is the cause of increased risk of coronary heart disease. There is ample epidemiological evidence that physical activity can reduce the risk of coronary heart disease. For people who lack activity, planned exercise and aerobic exercise are recommended: walking, jogging, cycling, swimming, aerobics, rowing, boxing, etc. 5, psychological balance, to prevent mental tension and remove the adverse effects of psychological disorders and social factors. More and more literature confirms that certain psychological factors are related to the increased incidence of coronary heart disease, such as stress, lack of social support, depression and socio-economic status play the most significant role. These factors are regulated through the neuroendocrine system or sympathetic nervous system activity. For example, acute emergency reactions can precipitate cardiac events. Some studies have reported that up to 20% of patients with myocardial infarction have major depression, and in most cases these psychological factors have a detrimental effect on adherence to drug therapy and reduce the efficacy. Second, the strategic principles of drug therapy 1, aspirin is the first-line drug for the prevention of coronary heart disease A daily aspirin, myocardial infarction for every 3 cases to reduce 1 case, stroke for every 4 cases to reduce 1 case. 2.Lipid regulation: for every 1mmol/l decrease in LDL-C, the risk of coronary heart disease decreases by 20%, and the risk of stroke decreases by 20%. Elevated serum LDL-C levels are significantly and positively correlated with the prevalence of coronary heart disease and death rate in the population. Some large-scale randomized clinical trials have confirmed that statins have significant efficacy in both primary and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease, effectively reducing the prevalence of coronary heart disease, the incidence of coronary events and improving their survival rate. 3, control hypertension: hypertension is an independent risk factor for the development of coronary heart disease, especially those with a family history of hypertension. For every 10 mmHg decrease in systolic blood pressure, the risk of coronary heart disease decreases by >20% and the risk of death from stroke decreases by 30%. The prevention and treatment of hypertension is particularly important in China, where the incidence of hypertension and the prevalence of smoking are high.