Many patients are eager to have joint replacement surgery to completely treat their joint disorders, but are skeptical about the surgery because of the fear of post-operative complications. In fact, post-operative complications are not as scary as one might think for joint replacement surgery. We would like to write a little bit about the post-operative complications after joint replacement surgery, and hope it will be helpful to the patients. I. Prevention and treatment of venous thrombosis in the lower extremities The literature reports that the incidence of venous thrombosis in the lower extremities after arthroplasty is about 10%, and it is believed that the incidence is higher after knee arthroplasty than hip arthroplasty. Bleeding during arthroplasty, postoperative bed rest, and reduced activity of the lower extremity can lead to slow blood flow and hemodynamic changes that can trigger the formation of lower extremity venous thrombosis. Small, localized thrombosis is usually not clinically symptomatic. Ultrasound examination is non-invasive, and its safety and effectiveness provide a reliable and easy method for clinical diagnosis and observation of anticoagulation effect. Prevention and treatment: 1. Operate accurately and quickly, avoid intravenous injury, and standardize the use of lower limb tourniquet; 2. Pay attention to cardiopulmonary function monitoring and timely rehydration during the perioperative period to avoid dehydration and increase blood viscosity; 3. Elevate the affected limb after surgery, encourage patients to move their toes actively and move to the ground as early as possible; 4. 5. Use elastic stockings and intermittent inflatable compression devices as mechanical preventive measures to promote venous return of blood to the lower extremities; 6. Routine postoperative ultrasound examination, once thrombosis is detected, active anticoagulation treatment and regular review. Lower limb venous thrombosis is a common complication after arthroplasty. In the vast majority of cases, after close observation and regular treatment, the thrombus eventually mechanizes and disappears, and the patient’s discomfort is relieved and he is discharged smoothly. Therefore, we should not be overly worried. Second, the perioperative infection control experience Post-operative joint replacement infection is mainly divided into superficial wound site infection and deep prosthesis infection. Superficial wound infection is related to old age, diabetes, obesity, etc. It can be cured by antibiotic treatment and regular wound disinfection. Prosthetic infections can be catastrophic for joint replacement surgery. The literature reports the incidence of prosthetic infection after arthroplasty to be approximately 0.1%. If one has previously suffered from septic arthritis, there is a risk of bacteria lurking in the joint and a higher risk of postoperative prosthetic infection. The consequences of prosthetic infection are serious and often lead to complete failure of the surgery, resulting in joint dysfunction and even disability of the affected limb. Therefore, infection should be actively prevented during the perioperative period of artificial joint replacement. This can be summarized in the following aspects: 1. comprehensive and detailed preoperative examination, improvement of the general condition of patients with poor general condition (e.g. anemia, hypoimmunoglobulinemia), active treatment of the original disease, and surgery after the patient’s physical condition has improved; 2. active detection and treatment of microscopic infection foci in the body: antibiotics are used to eliminate local infection foci in patients with tonsillitis, upper respiratory tract infection, urinary tract infection, tinea pedis, etc.; 3. 3. Minimize the preoperative and postoperative hospitalization time of patients to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infection; 4. Careful preoperative preparation and precise and skilled surgical operation to shorten the surgical time. The shortening of operation time can reduce the time of incision exposure to air, and also reduce the time of tourniquet use to prevent the decrease of organism’s resistance to microorganism due to long-term low oxygen condition. 7, routine intraoperative joint drainage, improve the skin and joint cavity environment, keep the negative pressure drainage tube open to reduce joint blood (fluid), to prevent joint infection; 8, the correct application of antibiotics, from skin incision to incision suture, to maintain the surgical field with adequate antibiotic concentration. The timing of administration is approximately 30 minutes before the incision is made at the surgical site and 3 to 5 days of antibiotics are used postoperatively. Any surgery, including joint replacement, inevitably involves the risk of infection. Standardized perioperative management is an important measure to avoid infection and to ensure a good outcome after joint replacement. Although joint replacement surgery is currently performed in primary, secondary, and tertiary hospitals in China, we recommend that patients undergo joint replacement surgery with a specialist at a large, regular hospital with a long history of experience, standardized management and treatment, and joint specialties. Third, the impact of surgical techniques on the loosening of the prosthesis Artificial joint replacement is currently one of the more effective methods to rebuild joint function, has become increasingly mature and perfect, can make a great improvement in the quality of life of patients. Osteolysis and loosening of the prosthesis due to postoperative periprosthetic bone loss is a serious late complication and a major cause of long-term outcome after arthroplasty. Postoperative loosening of the prosthesis is related to many factors, including the patient’s age, gender, weight, activity level, type of preoperative joint disease, bone quality and general condition, which can affect the postoperative stability of the artificial joint and the service life of the prosthesis. Surgical techniques also affect the survival time and the incidence of loosening of the prosthesis, mainly in the following aspects: 1, the surgical procedure is rough, resulting in damage to the tissue structure, affecting the stability of the postoperative prosthesis; 2, the amount of intraoperative osteotomy and the angle of placement of the prosthesis is not accurate, the direction of the medullary cavity contusion and poor control of the stress surface lead to the position of the prosthesis; 3, the type or model of the prosthesis is not selected properly, the prosthesis model is too large or too small The uneven stress and stress masking at the interface between the prosthesis and the bone can cause accelerated osteolysis and prosthesis loosening; 4, the bone cement solidification process does not give high and lasting pressure, the bone cement fails to obtain high fatigue strength, making the prosthesis more likely to loosen. Many patients are always concerned about the type of prosthesis, the difference between domestic and imported prosthesis when they consult for joint replacement surgery in the clinic, in fact, no matter what kind of prosthesis, the surgical technique is the most critical. If a good prosthesis is placed in the wrong position, it will only last for a few years if it is badly worn. The majority of patients should pay more attention to the surgeon’s technical level and experience.