1.Mask ventilation Fasten the mask to the patient’s mouth and nose, and raise the jawbone at the same time, squeeze the oxygen or anesthesia gas into the patient’s respiratory tract, which can be used for mask oxygenation and anesthesia inhalation induction. 2.Tracheal intubation If the patient’s respiration has not been restored or the patient is in the state of full stomach, we can not give oxygen by mask for a long time, in order to prevent the gastric contents from the esophagus back to the airway due to gastric distension, we must insert a tracheal tube into the trachea, which can ensure the effect of oxygen supply; secondly, the airway is protected because of being occupied. 3.Fiberoptic bronchoscopy For some patients with special conditions, such as neck fracture and head immobility, head and face burns and skin scars in the neck with adhesions, and tumors growing inside the mouth, which make it difficult to expose the vocal folds (the openings of the trachea), the anesthesiologist can use a long and thin flexible endoscope to reach into the pharynx and throat to find the vocal folds, and at the same time perform tracheal intubation, so that these patients can get the opportunity to get anesthesia and surgery. Laryngeal Mask Laryngeal mask is a new type of ventilation tool, named because it can be covered above the vocal folds. It is suitable for patients’ first aid, short surgeries and difficult intubation, etc. The degree of stimulation to the patients is less than that of endotracheal intubation. 5.Peripheral vein puncture Puncture of a small vein at the back of the hand or ankle, which can be used for anesthesia and infusion. Femoral vein puncture The femoral vein is located in the groin at the root of the thigh and is one of the thickest veins in the body. It can be used for infusion of fluids, blood and rescue medication, but the disadvantage is that it is easily contaminated. 7, Internal jugular vein puncture This vein can not be seen on the outside, but can be punctured according to the anatomical positioning, which can be used to monitor the central venous pressure, reflecting the body volume and cardiac function, and can also be used as a route of drug administration and fluid infusion for rescue and blood transfusion. Subclavian vein puncture is also one of the deep veins. Its role is similar to that of the internal jugular vein, and it is easier to be fixed after puncture compared to the internal jugular vein. Radial artery puncture is the most commonly used arterial puncture site, which can be used for invasive arterial pressure monitoring and blood gas analysis during major surgery. 10.Femoral artery puncture The femoral artery is adjacent to the femoral vein and is also a commonly used arterial puncture site. In addition to invasive arterial pressure monitoring and blood gas analysis, this access is also borrowed for internal medicine interventions, with the disadvantage that the artery is easily contaminated. 11, lumbar anesthesia local anesthetic injected into the subarachnoid space can produce anesthesia on the lower abdomen, perineum and lower limbs, but does not affect the patient’s consciousness, this method is also known as spinal anesthesia, is a commonly used clinical method of hemianesthesia. Disadvantages are high requirements for asepsis, time limit for anesthesia (usually about 1 hour), possible complications such as vomiting, headache, lower limb numbness and urinary retention. 12, epidural anesthesia Theoretically, from the cervical spine to the caudal spine can be epidural anesthesia, but also the local anesthetic injected into the spinal canal, just the level to be shallower than the spinal anesthesia (in the arachnoid membrane and epidural side). The amount of local anesthetic given during epidural anesthesia is about ten times that of spinal anesthesia, so if the dura is mistakenly punctured and not detected, the administration of the drug can have fatal consequences (total spinal anesthesia). Epidural anesthesia can be used for surgery on the neck and below. In recent years, the scope of this method has decreased, and anesthesia for surgery on the neck and thoracic segments has now been replaced by general anesthesia, which is safer. The complications of epidural anesthesia are basically the same as those of spinal anesthesia. 13.Sacral block belongs to the low epidural anesthesia, mainly used for perineal and lower limb surgery, simple operation, but due to the existence of a certain variability of the sacral canal, especially for the elderly, and thus the effect of anesthesia is not very certain. 14.Nerve block Local anesthetic is injected around the nerve trunk to produce a block (sensory and motor) effect on the muscles and bones it innervates through drug infiltration. In the past, it was based on anatomical positioning, but now it can be guided by ultrasound, which greatly improves the effect of nerve block. 15, intraoperative awakening Some surgeries such as scoliosis orthopedics in order to prevent operation compression of the spinal cord, resulting in postoperative paralysis, the need to reduce the shallow anesthesia during surgery, so that the patient according to the instructions to move the lower limbs. This technique puts higher requirements on anesthesiologists, who need to adjust the drug dosage according to the surgical process and regulate the depth of anesthesia freely. 16, intraoperative monitoring In addition to anesthesia operation, anesthesiologists also bear the responsibility of monitoring the patient, some people say that anesthesiologists play a good shot on the statement is a misunderstanding of our work, because after a good shot, the patient fell asleep, and he did not know what happened behind. Anesthesiologists are mainly concerned with circulatory (heart), respiratory (lungs), neurological (brain), urological (kidneys) and hematological (coagulation) functions to ensure that the patient passes through the perioperative period safely and smoothly. 17.Critical care emergency This is an important part of the work of anesthesiologists, which is also a project that anesthesiologists are good at. Because we can intubate the trachea, we can ensure the patient’s oxygen supply; because we can do cardiac compression, we can maintain the cardiac output; because we can use medication, we can make the patient’s circulation and respiratory function recover again. 18, pain treatment Nowadays, the scope of work of anesthesiologists is also quietly changing, in addition to anesthesia, pain treatment industry under the scope of responsibility of anesthesiologists, whether it is acute pain, chronic pain or cancer pain, whether it is a temporary nerve block, or permanent nerve destruction (suffering from pain in advanced cancer patients), anesthesiologists will provide a variety of methods for treatment.