Treatment of diabetic retinopathy includes systemic therapy and ocular therapy. Systemic treatment includes control of blood glucose, blood pressure and lipids, improvement of kidney function, and medication. Diabetic retinopathy is the result of poor long-term control of blood glucose. Therefore, strict control of blood glucose is an important prerequisite to prevent the progression of diabetic retinopathy. Glycosylated hemoglobin should be controlled to near normal or below 7%, and early control is more effective. Blood pressure control is also an important aspect of diabetic retinopathy treatment. Numerous studies have shown that blood pressure, especially systolic blood pressure, is associated with diabetic retinopathy, and that patients with high systolic blood pressure are more likely to develop diabetic retinopathy. Systemic drug therapy is mainly based on calcium hydroxybenzoate, which has the pharmacological effect of reducing capillary permeability, lowering blood viscosity and improving platelet aggregation. Currently, domestic drugs such as Dobes and Andromine have been used in clinical practice. Ocular local treatment includes laser photocoagulation, vitreous injection and vitreous surgery. Laser photocoagulation is mainly used for early and mid-stage diabetic retinopathy that does not endanger vision; vitreous injection is mostly used as an adjunct to other treatments; vitreous surgery is used for complications of proliferative diabetic retinopathy including vitreous hemorrhage and retinal detachment by traction.