Umbilical hernia is a developmental defect that is common in infants. Its incidence does not differ between the sexes and is significantly increased in immature infants, especially in 75% of those weighing less than 1,500 g. The incidence of umbilical hernia is increased in certain specific diseases, such as Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and congenital dystocia. The self-healing rate of umbilical hernia is high and decreases with age, rarely extending to school age. The cause of umbilical hernia is related to the anatomical characteristics of the umbilicus. During fetal life, the lower part of the umbilical ring passes through the umbilical artery and umbilical ureter, and the upper part of the umbilical ring passes through the umbilical vein. After birth, these ducts are then occluded and become fibrous cords, which heal with the scarred skin after the umbilical cord is shed, so this part is a weak area. The formation of umbilical hernia is also related to the development of the abdominal wall muscles. In infancy, the rectus abdominis muscles on both sides and the anterior and posterior sheaths are not yet united at the umbilicus, which makes it easier to create an umbilical hernia. In infants under 1 year of age, most umbilical hernias are less than 1 to 2 cm in diameter, while in older children, due to the prolonged protrusion of the hernia, the hernia sac and skin are dilated and can be 3 to 4 cm in diameter. It is covered by skin only, and the peritoneum is adherent to the deeper layers of skin and fatty tissue. The protruding viscera are mostly large omentum or small intestine, and there is usually no adhesion between the sac wall and its contents. Clinical manifestations】 Umbilical hernia is a round or ovoid umbilical confined mass. The mass disappears when the child is quiet and in the recumbent position, but it protrudes when the intra-abdominal pressure increases due to crying, uprightness, coughing or movement, etc. The higher the intra-abdominal pressure is, the larger the mass becomes and the more tense the skin outside the hernia becomes, sometimes in a native transparent state. When the protruding part is compressed with the end of the finger, the umbilical hernia is easily incorporated into the abdominal cavity, and sometimes the sound of air passing through water can be heard, without any pain to the child during compression. If the fingertip is used to penetrate deep into the umbilical hole, the edge of the umbilical ring can be clearly palpated and its diameter can be estimated. When the child coughs or cries, the end of the finger feels a distinct impact. Children with umbilical hernia are generally painless and do not cause gastrointestinal dysfunction. Some children have the discomfort of local swelling. Umbilical hernia can be complicated by rupture, but it is extremely rare. Umbilical hernia is rarely clamped shut, which is very different from inguinal hernia. The majority of umbilical hernias in infants heal spontaneously. As the abdominal muscles develop with age, the hernia hole can often be gradually narrowed and closed. The size of the umbilical ring is related to the possibility of self-healing: in general, umbilical holes with a diameter of about 1 cm can close on their own without any treatment. However, if the diameter of the umbilical hole is more than 2 cm, especially if it tends to increase, it is less likely to heal on its own. The treatment routine for umbilical hernia is to leave it untreated under 2 years of age; for small umbilical hernia over 2 years of age, conservative treatment can be tried for 3-6 months; if it does not close, surgical treatment is performed; for umbilical ring diameter greater than 2 cm, early repair surgery is recommended. It is important to note that compression of the protruding umbilical hole with coins and tightening of the bandage cannot assist in self-healing because the abdomen of the child is spherical and the bandage gradually slips off and cannot maintain its position, and the umbilical ring remains open because only the plane compresses the hernia opening. If a child with an umbilical hernia is operated on for other reasons (e.g. hiatal hernia) and has to be put under general anesthesia, it can be discussed with the family whether the umbilical hernia should be repaired at the same time. Surgical treatment: (Umbilical hernia repair) A semicircular skin incision is made above or below the umbilical hernia to separate the skin, subcutaneous tissue and fatty tissue on both sides of the fascia, reveal the hernia sac, cut open the hernia sac cavity and remove the sac. The peritoneum is sutured to close the abdominal cavity, and the subcutaneous skin is sutured firmly to the fascial edges on both sides and covered with sterile gauze. Umbilical hernia repair is simple, effective, and preserves the normal appearance of the umbilicus, which is much superior to umbilical resection. Umbilical hernia repair routinely requires protection with a lap band. For children who do not require surgery for the time being, magnetic patches can be used to prevent traumatic rupture of the umbilical hernia and to promote healing. (Laparoscopic umbilical hernia repair) is minimally invasive, has a rapid recovery, and allows simultaneous definition and treatment of intestinal malformations (Meckel’s diverticulum) and inguinal hernia.