Bronchoscopy may be unfamiliar and even scary to most people. Since patients are examined while awake, when the bronchoscope enters the vocal cords and the airways below the vocal cords, they are prone to coughing, breath-holding, nausea and other uncomfortable feelings, thus causing a strong rejection of bronchoscopy. Wang Xiaoping, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shandong Chest Hospital In fact, with the continuous development of bronchoscopy technology and continuous updating of equipment, the safety and comfort of this examination has been gradually improved, and there is absolutely no need to be afraid. One reason is that bronchoscopy is performed in the body’s inherent lumen, and even the trauma is minor. In addition, the bronchoscope body has been developed to be thinner and thinner, and is soft and bendable, with a diameter of only 4-5 mm, while the diameter of the trachea and bronchi of a normal person is about 10-20 mm. Since the diameter of the bronchoscope for examination is much smaller than the normal diameter of the human trachea, it does not cause too much discomfort. The following figure shows the comparison between the diameter of the tracheoscope and the human trachea. It is obvious that the tracheoscope is much smaller than the diameter of the normal human trachea. The second reason is the effective local anesthesia before the examination, which minimizes the patient’s pain. If the patient is very nervous or needs complex microscopic treatment, with the help of intravenous anesthesia (like the usual cold we need to give a hangnail, through the hangnail to drip anesthetic drugs into the blood vessels), the patient sleeps and completes all the examination or treatment unknowingly. The picture below shows a 5-year-old girl undergoing tracheoscopic treatment for granulation tissue growth in the trachea, and with the help of anesthesia, the child can be seen without any discomfort. The third reason is that the fiberoptic bronchoscope used in the past did not have a TV imaging system and it was difficult for the doctor to see the lesion when operating, so more time was needed for careful observation. With the advancement of science and technology, electronic bronchoscope was produced, equipped with TV imaging system, which can enlarge the lesion seen by more than 20 times, and with higher clarity and color reproduction, it is more convenient for doctors to operate, which greatly reduces the time of patient examination, generally 5-10 minutes can be completed, shortening the examination time and further reducing the discomfort of patients. On the left of the picture below is a fiberoptic bronchoscope, which takes longer time to operate because there is no imaging system; on the right is Dr. Wang Xiaoping, chief physician, performing argon knife cautery under electronic bronchoscope for a patient, which can enlarge the lesion 20 times compared with fiberoptic bronchoscope, and the treatment time is shorter and the lesion can be treated more carefully and thoroughly.