1, what is hypertension Hypertension (Hypertension) is a common disease, the prevalence of the world as high as 10% to 20%, is the main disease that endangers human health. In the absence of antihypertensive drugs, systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg is hypertension. There are many causes of hypertension, in addition to genetics, obesity and other factors, long-term mental stress, too anxious people are prone to hypertension. The diet is too salty, drink a lot of alcohol and smoke are also prone to hypertension. Hypertension has three high “high morbidity, high mortality, high disability rate”, three low “low awareness rate, low treatment rate, low control rate” characteristics. According to the survey, the prevalence of hypertension in China is growing year by year, and there are more than 200 million hypertensive patients in the country; and hypertensive patients are young, especially white-collar workers, elites, backbone, these people are prone to cardiovascular disease. At present, China has become the country with the most serious danger of hypertension. Medically speaking, hypertension is divided into two categories: primary and secondary. The cause of hypertension is unknown, called primary hypertension, is what we usually call hypertension, accounting for more than 95% of the total hypertensive patients. Secondary hypertension is hypertension secondary to kidney, endocrine and nervous system diseases, mostly temporary, after the treatment of the primary disease, hypertension will slowly disappear. 2, the danger of hypertension hypertension itself is not terrible, diagnosis and treatment are easy, the terrible thing is the various complications of hypertension: hypertension patients due to persistent increase in arterial pressure, triggering the systemic small arteries sclerosis, which affects the blood supply of tissues and organs, resulting in a variety of serious complications. Common complications of hypertension include coronary heart disease, diabetes, heart failure, hyperlipidemia, nephropathy, peripheral artery disease, stroke, and left ventricular hypertrophy. Among the various complications of hypertension, the damage to the heart, brain and kidney is the most significant: the higher the blood pressure of hypertensive patients, the higher the incidence of stroke, with hypertensive atherosclerosis, coupled with anger, strenuous exercise and other triggers to make the blood pressure rise sharply, leading to cerebrovascular rupture and bleeding or infarction, hemiplegia, coma, etc., that is, stroke; long-term hypertension can also cause kidney failure; persistent elevation of arterial pressure can The persistent increase in arterial pressure can increase the burden on the heart, leading to left ventricular hypertrophy, heart failure, and also angina pectoris and myocardial infarction. Therefore, people say: “hypertension is fiercer than a tiger”. But it is not unpreventable. 3, how to early detection of hypertension Because hypertension is very harmful to human beings, the lighter it can affect the patient’s quality of life and quality of work, the heavier it can lead to serious complications, and even death. Therefore early detection of hypertension is crucial for patients, so how do we detect hypertension early? (1) Regular or frequent blood pressure measurement: Many hypertensive patients have no symptoms in the early stages of hypertension, which is known as the “silent killer”. According to the census, the awareness rate of hypertension is 36.3% in urban areas and 13.7% in rural areas; we often see people having sudden strokes or myocardial infarction, and then saying goodbye to their lives, most of which are related to hypertension. It is recommended that normal adults should have their blood pressure measured at least once a year; for those over 40 years old, they need to have their blood pressure measured at least 2 to 3 times a year to take advantage of various opportunities to detect hypertension and detect it early. (2) Pay attention to whether you are a vulnerable group: If you have or belong to the following conditions, you may be a vulnerable group of people with hypertension and need to monitor your blood pressure early and often, with a view to early detection and early treatment: parents, brothers, sisters and other family members with a history of hypertension; obese people; people who like a high-salt diet (also known as people with a heavy taste); excessive drinkers; irregular life, stressful life or work, etc. (3) Be alert to whether your blood pressure has risen if you experience the following symptoms ① Headache, or head swelling pain: especially when upset, tired, nervous and other situations appear. If you have frequent and severe headaches, along with nausea and vomiting, it may be a sign of conversion to malignant hypertension. (ii) Paroxysmal vertigo: It occurs more often in female patients and may be felt when suddenly squatting or standing up. ③Tinnitus: ringing in both ears that lasts for a long time. ④Shortness of breath and chest tightness. ⑤ Insomnia: mostly difficulty in falling asleep, early awakening, uncomfortable sleep, easy to have nightmares, easy to wake up. (6) Numbness in the limbs: numbness in the fingers and toes or a “crawling sensation” (also known as anthroposis) in the skin is common, and the fingers are not flexible. Other parts of the body may also appear numbness, may also feel abnormal, or even paraplegia. 4, how to effectively prevent and control hypertension The early symptoms of hypertension are hidden, plus many people do not know much about hypertension, self-care awareness is not strong, once the symptoms, the patient has developed to a very serious point; then how can we effectively prevent and control hypertension? Effective prevention and control of hypertension, to do the following: (1) to early detection. (2) To correctly determine: the first time you find an increase in blood pressure, especially if you are under 30 years of age, you should identify the cause of hypertension. (3) To rationalize the use of drugs: the initial treatment of hypertensive patients, under the guidance of cardiovascular specialists to choose antihypertensive drugs, and often measure blood pressure, when the blood pressure is reduced to normal, and no longer appear large fluctuations, you can maintain treatment. Do not stop taking the medication on your own when the blood pressure drops, or do not take the medication as prescribed. (4) To comprehensive treatment: not only to lower the blood pressure, but also to control the various risk factors that cause hypertension, and to protect the target organs of hypertension, such as the heart, brain and kidney. To find a doctor to provide a good treatment plan. (5) Regulate daily life. Eat a light diet and limit excessive salt intake. Avoid excessive mental tension, carry out appropriate physical exercise, arrange work and rest reasonably, as well as quit smoking and limit alcohol, etc. 5, out of hypertension misconceptions The early symptoms of hypertension are hidden, plus many people do not know much about hypertension, so many individuals and families have great misconceptions about the understanding and treatment of hypertension, the following are some hypertension-related misconceptions, I hope it will help you patients. (1) Myth 1: Self-perception to estimate the level of blood pressure Some people do not use instruments to measure blood pressure but use self-perception to estimate the level of blood pressure, is it possible to estimate blood pressure? The answer is no. On the one hand, after a period of time, hypertensive patients develop tolerance, no symptoms, in fact, blood pressure is still high. On the other hand, the severity of symptoms in hypertensive patients is not necessarily proportional to the degree of high or low blood pressure; some patients have very high blood pressure but no symptoms; on the contrary, some patients have only mildly elevated blood pressure but have significant symptoms. This is because each person has a different tolerance for elevated blood pressure, and the degree of organ damage sometimes does not always parallel the level of blood pressure. Therefore, it is often wrong to estimate the level of blood pressure based on self-perception, and it is easy to delay treatment. The correct approach is to take regular active blood pressure measurements, at least twice a week. (2) Myth 2: Stop taking medication as soon as blood pressure drops Some patients with hypertension take medication for a period of time and their blood pressure drops, so they feel better and should stop taking medication, so is this appropriate? After the application of blood pressure lowering drugs, blood pressure to normal, mainly because of the role of antihypertensive drugs, such as the self-stopping drugs, blood pressure to rise, so that not only can not achieve the therapeutic effect, and because of the blood pressure fluctuations, will cause heart, brain, kidney serious complications, such as cerebral hemorrhage. The correct way to take medication is to reduce blood pressure to the “target” value after medication, you can use the maintenance amount to continue to take medication, or under the guidance of the doctor to adjust the drug, rather than categorically stop medication.