1, relaxation and breathing exercises: find a quiet location, put dark lights, will be as comfortable as possible to lie on their backs. Close your eyes and start breathing deeply and slowly. The abdomen bulges when you inhale, and imagine that the air reaches up to the top of the head, the abdomen relaxes when you exhale, and imagine that the air flows down from the top of the head, through the back to the soles of the feet, and imagine relaxing the muscles of the whole body. Repeat this exercise for 5-15 minutes. You can also take a sitting position, back against the back of the chair, the whole body relaxed, put both hands in front of the chest to do deep breathing. 2, facial movement exercise: Parkinson’s disease patients have a special face is the “mask face”, is due to facial muscle stiffness, resulting in dull facial expression, so do some facial movement exercise is necessary. Frowning action: frown as much as possible, then forcefully spread the eyebrows, repeat several times. Open and close the eyes with force Cheek Exercise: Firstly, puff up the cheeks with force, and then try to inhale both cheeks. Show teeth and whistle action, try to show teeth, followed by a whistling action. In the mirror, let the face show a smile, smile, smile with teeth, pout, whistle, cheeks, etc. 3, head and neck exercise: Parkinson’s disease patients often have a forward leaning neck posture, very stiff, which many people think is caused by cervical spondylosis. If you do not pay attention to the exercise and rehabilitation of the neck, it is easy to aggravate the abnormal posture, which is manifested by the increasing severity of the hunchback. The following is a set of methods for neck rehabilitation. However, it should be noted that since most patients with Parkinson’s disease are elderly people, most of them are accompanied by cervical spondylosis of varying degrees. Therefore, the following exercises must be performed in a gradual manner, gradually increasing the amplitude of movements and moving slowly and gently. Head backward, eyes on the ceiling for about 5 seconds, up and down movement: then head down, jaw touching the chest as much as possible. Left and right rotation: head and face turn to the right and look back to the right for about 5 seconds, then the same movement to the left. Repeatedly and slowly turn the face sideways to the left and right shoulders and try to touch the shoulders with the lower jaw. Swing from side to side: Slowly lean your head sideways toward the left and right shoulders and try to reach the shoulders with your ears. Forward and backward movement: Hold the jaw forward for 5 seconds, then inward for 5 seconds. 4, torso exercise: side-bending exercise: feet apart and shoulder-width apart, knees slightly bent, right upper limb straightened upward, palms inward, torso bent to the left, back and forth several times; then repeat on the left side. Turning movement: feet apart, slightly wider than the shoulders, both upper limbs flexed elbows flat end in front of the chest, turn the body twice to the right back, the movement should be elastic. Then repeat in the opposite direction. Abdominal exercise: lying flat on the floor or bed, bend each knee towards the chest for a few seconds. Then do this movement bilaterally at the same time. Lie flat on the floor or on the bed, hold both knees with both hands and slowly bring your head towards both knee joints. Exercise for low back muscles: lie prone with abdomen extended, legs and pelvis pressed against the floor or bed, and hold up with arms for 10 seconds. Prone, arms and legs simultaneously raised off the floor for 10 seconds, then relax. Repeat several times. 5, upper limb and shoulder exercise: shrug both shoulders as far as possible toward the ears, then try to make both shoulders droop. Straighten your arms, raise them high over your head and hold them back for 10 seconds. Clasp your hands down behind your back and pull them back for 5 seconds. Repeat several times. Arms overhead, elbows bent, grab the opposite elbow with each hand, and bend the body to both sides in turn. 6, hand exercise: Parkinson’s patients have numerous joints in their hands, which are susceptible to muscle stiffness. Patients’ hands are often in a peculiarly flexed posture, the metacarpophalangeal joints are flexed, resulting in difficulties in spreading the palm of the hand; while the small joints between the other fingers are straightened, making it difficult to make a fist. In this case, the patient should always straighten the metacarpophalangeal joints and flatten the palm of the hand, and can use one hand to grasp the fingers of the other hand to move the pressure in the direction of the back of the hand to prevent metacarpophalangeal deformities. You can also place the palm of your hand on the table and try to make the fingers touch the table, and practice the finger separation and merging movements repeatedly. To prevent deformity of the finger joints, you can repeatedly practice the action of making a fist and extending the fingers. 7, lower limb exercise: stand with legs slightly apart, knees slightly bent, bend downward, hands touching the ground as much as possible. Left hand on the wall, the right hand to grab the right foot backward to maintain a few seconds, and then change the opposite side of the lower limbs to repeat. “Indian plank sit”: with the palms of the feet facing each other, bring the knees to the floor, maintain and repeat. Sit with your feet in a “V” shape, and lean your head towards your right leg, between your feet and left leg respectively, maintaining each position for 5-10 seconds. 8, gait exercise: most patients with Parkinson’s disease have gait disorders, the milder ones show dragging steps, walking without lifting the feet, while the upper limbs do not swing the arms, there is no synergistic action. Severe cases show small broken steps forward, turning and crossing the doorway difficulties. Gait exercise requires the patient to look straight ahead with both eyes, the body upright, the toes should be raised as high as possible when starting, first the feet follow the ground and then the toes land, the stride should be as slow and large as possible, the two upper limbs try to swing back and forth when walking. The key is to raise the feet and stride to large. It is best to have someone else present during the exercise to remind and correct abnormal posture at any time. Patients in the start and march, often appear “frozen phenomenon” appears, the foot can not step, as if glued to the ground. In this case, do not be anxious, you can use the following method: First, follow the foot to the ground and stand upright. After gaining balance, and then start walking, you must remember to walk first with the foot followed by the ground, toes dorsiflexion, and then the toes on the ground. In front of each step of the foot in the position of a 10-15 cm high obstacle, to do the foot across the obstacle walking exercise. But this method is more trouble, it is impossible to put a bunch of obstacles at home, so with the help of “L” crutches is a good method. 9, balance exercise: Parkinson’s disease patients show postural reflex disorders, walking fast forward, encounter obstacles or when the patient suddenly stop, easy to fall, through the balance exercise can improve the focus on symptoms. The feet are separated by 25-30 centimeters, and the weight is shifted to the left, right, front and back, and balance is maintained. The trunk and pelvis rotate left and right, and make the upper limbs swing with it, which has a good effect on balancing posture and relieving muscle tension. 10.Training for language disorder: Patients often become more and more reluctant to speak because of language disorder, and the more they don’t speak, it will lead to more degeneration of language function. The long-term absence of language communication with family members, coupled with the lack of expression in Parkinson’s disease patients, often causes emotional communication barriers and disconnection between patients and relatives. Therefore, it is important for patients to have frequent functional training in language. Exercise of tongue movement: Keeping the tongue flexible is an important condition for speech, so insist on practicing the following actions – tongue repeatedly sticking out and retracting; tongue moving left and right between the two mouths as soon as possible; moving the tip of the tongue around the mouth and lips in a circular motion as soon as possible; saying “la-la-la”, “ka-ka-ka”, “ka-ka-ka”, “ka-ka-ka” as soon as possible and accurately. card”, “card-la-ca”, and repeat several times. Lip and upper and lower jaw exercises: slowly and repeatedly do the open-mouth-shut action; upper and lower lips tightly closed for a few seconds, then relaxed; repeatedly do the upper and lower lips pouting, as kissing, then relaxed; repeatedly do the open-mouth-shut action as soon as possible, repeat several times; as soon as possible, say “? “, after resting in repetition. Read aloud exercise: read aloud a newspaper or beautiful prose slowly and loudly. It is best to read aloud poetry, Tang poetry, Song lyrics or modern poetry, you can choose according to your preference. Poetry has an iambic rhythm and is read aloud. It can cure language disorders and develop sentimentality, and good poetry can also inspire your fighting spirit. Singing practice: Singing is a great way to do this. You can choose your favorite songs to practice. In some patients, after the disease, the speech becomes incompetent, but singing is not affected. After insisting on practicing singing, the speech also improves significantly. What’s more, singing can exercise the lung volume and help improve the feeling of lack of breath in speech, and can also prevent the occurrence of pneumonia.