Thrombocytopenic purpura has no statistical data to indicate its specific survival period; for those with childhood onset, most have a good prognosis and do not affect life expectancy; adult patients with a slow onset and cyclical morbidity generally have a better prognosis with active treatment; however, in severe cases, craniocerebral hemorrhage may occur, which can be life-threatening. Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired autoimmune bleeding disorder characterized by isolated peripheral blood thrombocytopenia without a clear trigger. Clinical manifestations vary from person to person, in which asymptomatic thrombocytopenia, cutaneous mucosal bleeding, severe visceral bleeding, and fatal intracranial hemorrhage can occur. Patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia die mainly from complications such as cranial hemorrhage, and the risk of fatal bleeding is usually significantly higher in elderly patients than in young adults. Children and young adults usually achieve a good prognosis with effective treatment, often without compromising life expectancy. Medications include prednisone and gammaglobulin. In patients with thrombocytopenic purpura, it is possible to reduce the risk of death with aggressive treatment to prevent fatal bleeding. Specific medications should be used under the supervision of a physician.