The concept of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) was proposed by the famous Swedish neurosurgeon Professor Lars Leksell in 1951. His original idea was to apply the stereotactic technique by focusing high-energy radiation on a predetermined target area within the skull, causing radiological destruction of the target tissue, while avoiding damage to tissues outside the target area due to a sharp reduction in dose, achieving a surgical-like effect. In our current perspective, the basic content is to determine the location of the lesion and the target area by CT, MRI, DSA, PET-CT and other medical imaging technologies, and to use multiple sources of low-energy radiation to focus on the lesion or target area under the precise calculation and control of stereotactic and computer, forming a high-energy radiation field on the target area of the lesion to destroy the lesion tissue within the target area, while the normal tissue outside the target area is avoided due to dose reduction. The normal tissues outside the target area are prevented from being damaged due to a sharp reduction in dose, resulting in an effect similar to that of surgery. It is characterized by three-dimensional, small-field, focused, single-shot, high-dose irradiation. It is based on this concept that Professor Leksell started the development of the gamma knife and invented the world’s first gamma knife in 1968. Stereotactic radiosurgery is different from both traditional craniotomy and 60Co (cobalt 60) radiation therapy and linear gas pedal radiation therapy. SRS is suitable for the treatment of cerebral arteriovenous malformations, benign intracranial tumors, brain metastases and low-grade brain malignancies.